四级翻译的技巧.doc

一、翻译题题型介绍
本部分考试时间为5分钟，考查方法为汉译英。每句只涉及15个左右的英语词，需添入的部分也只有3-8个单词，其中隐含着四级应当掌握的句型、语法、词语等知识点。
二、翻译题做题基本步骤
（一）根据汉语题干意思确定句型、句子基本结构，特别是是否需要倒装等。此外，还需要注意修饰成分（定、状、补）的位置以及核心语法（虚拟语气、比较状语从句、倒装句、非谓语动词、时态、语态等）。
（二）确定译文的选词、词序等的组织与表达。此处要注意词语以及重点句型结构的选取。考生需要熟悉掌握四级考试大纲所要求的全部单词词组。
（三）检查。一定要对照原文，首先检查译文是否正确表达了汉语题干的内容，是否有错译和漏译；其次，检查是否有语言或语法上的明显错误，如：时态、语态、单复数、拼写等。
三、真题分析（2009年12月四级题）
87. You would not have failed if you __________________________(按照我的指令去做).
88. Despite the hardship he encountered, Mark never ______________(放弃对知识的追求).
89. Scientists agree that it will be a long time ______________(我们找到治愈癌症的方法).
90. Production has to be increased considerably to __________________(与消费者不断增长的需求保持同步).
91. The more exercise you take,________________________(你越不大可能得感冒).
真题分析：
如果仔细研究此次真题的考点，不难发现四级翻译部分的出题思路仍然是“名为考查翻译，实为考查语法结构以及固定句型以及词组”，很难涉及长难句的结构问题。因此考生在备考时，要熟练掌握四级核心语法以及四级的固定句型和单词。本次考试涉及的语法有虚拟语气、时间状语从句、时态、不定式作目的状语以及比较级的用法。涉及的固定词组有give up, keep pace with等。
真题详解：
87.【参考答案】had followed my instructions/orders
【要点解析】本题考查的是虚拟语气的用法。根据主句的would not have failed 结构就可以推断这是对过去事实的虚拟，那么从句则是had done 结构；“按照……的指令”可表达为：follow my instructions/orders。所以答案为you had followed my instructions/orders。
88.【参考答案】gave up pursuing knowledge
【要点解析】本题考查动词give的搭配。“放弃”可译为give up。“对知识的追求”可译为：pursuing knowledge. Encountered the hardship 用过去时态，因此后半句也要用一般过去时。
89.【参考答案】before we find the methods of curing cancers/ before we find the cure for cancer
【要点解析】本句考查before引导的时间状语从句。另外“治愈”可译为cure，而不应译为treat，treat是“治疗”的意思。所以治愈癌症的方法还可以译为cure for cancer。此外，根据句子的已知部分，可以判断出填写的部分用一般现在时。
90.【参考答案】keep pace with the constantly increasing demands of consumers
【要点解析】本句空格处是做目的状语。① 固定搭配“与……保持同步”，可以翻译为keep pace with 或keep up with。②“不断增长的”，可以翻译为increasing，growing或rising。③“需求”可翻译为demands或needs。④“消费者”翻译为consumer。
91.【参考答案】the fewer chances you will have of catching a cold/ the less likely you are to catch a cold
【要点解析】本题主要考查 the more...，the less...的用法。其用法与the more...，the more...一致，可翻译为“越……越……”。①固定搭配“可能做某事”，可翻译为be likely to do sth; ②固定搭配“感冒”，可翻译为catch a cold。
四、常见的重点句型
下面我们列出在历年真题中常见的重点句型、例句，供大家参考。
1. It is+形容词+that
例如：It is essential/ important/ necessary that we should learn English well.
2. It is+形容词+to do/ doing
例如：It is difficult/ essential to learn a second language.
3. 祈使句／名词+and/ or
例如：Work hard, and you will finally be able to accomplish your goal.
4. as+many/ much+名词+as
例如：It is said that visitors spend only half as much money in a day in Leeds as in London.
5. 倍数词+as+形容词+as
例如：The reservoir is three times as big as it was ten years ago.
6. 倍数词+ more +名词／形容词+than
例如：Smoking kills seven times more people each year than automobile accidents.
7.（not）as/ so... as...: 和……一样/不一样
例如：The environmental problems are not as serious as they suggested in their report.
8. no more... than...: 与……一样不……
例如：She is no more fit to be a lawyer than a teacher.
9. Nothing is more... than...: 没有比……更……的；……是最……的
例如：Nothing is more important than to receive education.
10. 感官动词+of+名词
例如：They hurriedly escaped into a cave that smelt of terror.
11. without/ not so much as...: 甚至没有……
例如：Disappointed with her husband，Mary left home without so much as looking back at him．
12. may/ might as well…as...: 与其……还不如……
例如：One may as well not know a thing at all as know but imperfectly.
13. too... to...:   太……而不能……
例如：She is too young to handle the problem on her own.
14. only to find/ see: 结果却
例如：He got to the airport at 7 pm, only to find the plane had already taken off.
15. Itis undoubted that/ There is no doubt that...: 毫无疑问，……
例如：There is no doubt that people’s living standards have greatly improved in recently years.
16. rather than...: 而不是……
例如：Amid the atmosphere of Thanksgiving Day, rather than celebrating the holiday with his friends, John was absorbed in the diary his father left to him.
17. not... until...: 直到……才……
例如：We can’t realize the value of freedom until we lose it.
18. so/ such…that...: 如此……以至于……
例如：With the rumor spreading fast, they became so anxious that they could not sleep.
19. (The) chances are that...: 很可能……
例如：Chances of her recovery from illness are ten to one.
20. It occurred to sb. that...: 突然想到……
例如：It had never occurred to Cinderella that she would become a princess someday.
21. not... but...: 不是……而是……
例如：To our disappointment, the plan caused not development but destruction.
22. It is taken for granted that...: ……被认为是理所当然的
例如：Fifty years ago, it was taken for granted that marriage was the goal of every young women’s inmost thought.
23. It is/ was said that...: 据说……
例如：It is said that many people died of traffic accidents every year.
24. When it comes to...: 提及，当提到……的时候
例如：When it comes to whether the famous university should be open to tourists, opinion differ from person to person.
25. ...be not much of a…: ……是个不太好的……
例如：Mike is not much of a teacher for he often skips from one subject to another.
26. As far as sb.／sth. is concerned: 就……而言，在……看来
例如：As far as I am concerned, I prefer to travel abroad.
27. not only... but also...: 不但……而且……
例如：Shakespeare is not only a great playwright but also a brilliant poet.
28. (n) either...(n) or...: 既不……也不……；或者……或者……
例如：Liking neither the story nor the background music, he fell asleep in the cinema.
29. no sooner than/ hardly when/ scarcely when:刚……就……
例如：Hardly had he entered the room when the telephone ran.
30. the more…the more...: 越……越……
例如：The more you give, the more you get.