CET4段落翻译.docx

（一）
中国的传统节庆膳食是节日必不可少的伴侣。例如，我国的端午节(theDragonBoatFestival)是纪念古代诗人屈原的日子。那一天，人们通常要赛龙舟、吃粽子(zongzi)。中秋节是观赏满月的日子。圆圆的月亮象征着圆满，象征着家庭团聚。因此，中秋节(T11e Mid．auttunn Festival)的特制食品是一种圆形的月饼。春节是中国的农历新年(the Chinese lunar New Year's holiday)，除了常见的家禽和肉类之外，人们还要按各自的也方习俗烹制传统食物，如饺子和年糕。
（二）
北京有无数的胡[司(hutong）。平民百姓在胡同里的生活给古都北京带来了无穷的魅力。北京的胡同不仅仅是平民百姓的生活环境，而且还是一门建筑艺术。通常，胡同内有一个大杂院，房间够4到l0个家庭的差不多20口人住。所以，胡同里的生活充满了友善和人情味。如今，随着社会和经济的飞速发展，很多胡同被新的高楼大厦所取代。但愿胡同可以保留下来。
（三）
过去的七年，中国的房地产(real estate)业经历了前所未有的高速增长。对于那些月薪较低却渴望在大城市拥有一套属于自己的体面、舒适的栖身之所的人来说，高昂的房价是他们无法承受的负担。鉴于这一状况，政府近来采取了一系列的措施来防止房价过快增长，包括提高利率及增加房产税等。目前，这些措施在部分城市已经取得了初步的成效。
（四）
如今，越来越多的大学生抱怨很难找到好工作。造成这一现象的原因如下：首先，大学生把在校的大多数时间都用在了专业学科学习上，只有当他们开始找工作的时候，才意识到自己缺乏必要的职业培训。其次，大学生之间的竞争也越来越激烈，这导致任何一名大学生找到工作的机会都变小了。因此，强烈建议大学生在课余时间做一些兼职工作，以积累相关的工作经验。
（五）
剪纸(papercutting)是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境，特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。
（六）
农历八月十五日是中国的传统节日一一中秋节。传说月亮在这一天最大最圆。中秋节的传说是非常丰富的，嫦娥(Chang Er)奔月是最为人所熟知的故事。虽然各地风俗不同，但是赏月是最流行的活动。每当中秋月亮升起，人们会将月饼、石榴(pomegranate)、枣子等瓜果供于桌案上，全家人围桌而坐，边吃边谈，共赏明月。
（七）
中国经济的高速发展，带来了消费文化的日益流行，同时也催生了一批具有高学历，充分享受资本主义消费模式的年轻人，他们习惯于当月工资当月花。因而被称为“月光族”(the moonlight group)。“月光族”一词出现于20世纪90年代后期，是用来讽刺那些出身富裕、接受高等教育、充分享受快餐文化(fast food culture)的年轻人。
（八）
信用卡（credit card）是银行所创造出来的最便捷同时也是最危险的信用工具。通过信用卡，人们可以先用银行付账的方式购买那些负担不起的物品，同时，银行也将对此征收比一般贷款要高的利率（interest rate）。遗憾的是，信用卡现已成为资本主义体制（capitalist system）的重要组成部分，而该体制就得依赖消费（consumption）的持续增长。
（九）
对全球的应用程序(app)开发商来说，打入中国，这个世界最大的智能手机(smartphone)市场是非常不容易的。程序开发商们必须与数十家应用程序零售店(retail store)打交道，政府对这些零售店的监管要比美国宽松。程序开发商在中国还必须努力避免自己受到“山寨”产品泛滥的冲击，避开各种监管障碍以及中国本地程序开发商的激烈竞争。
（十）
公元220年开始的300年里，中国分成了三个小王国。一个是魏国，位于中国北部，由曹氏家族(the Ts’ao family)统治。还有一个王国叫作蜀汉(Shu Han)，位于中国的西南部，由刘备统治。另外一个王国叫作吴国，位于中国的东南部，由孙权(Sun Ch•ua)统治。中国文化里最伟大的书籍之——《三国演义》(the Romance ofthe Three Kingdoms)就是关于这段时间的。
（十一）
在中国喝茶是一种仪式(ritual)，一种精致品味的展示(demonstration)。喝茶聊天是中国人中最流行的打发时间的方式，过去，他们是以进有名的茶馆(teahouse)而开始一天的生活的。中国的茶馆相当于法国的咖啡馆和英国的酒馆。人们到这里不仅是为了喝茶，也是为了议论当地的新闻或对政治话题进行激烈的讨论。
（十二）
苏州街原称买卖街(Merchants Street)，乾隆时(Emperor Qianlong’s reign)仿江南水乡(SouthChina towns)而建，是专供清代帝后逛市游览的的一条水街，一八六零被英法联军(Angl0—FrenchAllied Forces)焚毁，一九九零年在遗址上复建。街全长三百余米，以水当街，以岸作市，沿岸设有茶馆、酒楼、药房、钱庄、帽店、珠宝铺、点心铺(grocery store)等六十多个铺面，集中展现了十八世纪中国江南的商业文化氛围。
（十三）
中西方饮食习惯（eating habits）存在极大的差异。不同于西方那种每人一盘食物的饮食习惯，在中国，菜肴是被放在饭桌上让大家共同分享是。如果你在中国主人家做客，就要做好有一大桌子食物的心理准备。中国人对于自己的烹饪文化（culture of cuisine）感动非常自豪。而且有时候，中国主人会用他们的筷子把食物夹到你的碗里或盘子中。这是礼貌的体现。
（十四）
中国将进一步发展经济、扩大开放，这对 海外企业（enterprises）意味着更多的商机。 改革开放以来， 中国企业与海外企业一直 积极开展经济技术合作，并取得了巨大成 就。海外企业不仅帮助了中国企业的成长， 而且也在合作中获得了收益。中国政府将 继续提供有利的政策和条件，推动中国企 业与国外企业进一步开展合作。
（十五）
狮舞（Lion Dance）是中国最广为流传的民间舞蹈之一。狮为百兽之首，在中国传统中，狮子被视为是能带来好运的吉祥物（mascot）。古人将狮子视作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驱赶邪恶、保护人类。据记载，狮舞已拥有了2,000多年的历史。 在唐代（the Tang Dynasty），狮舞就已经被引入了皇室。因此，舞狮成为元宵节（the Lantern Festival）和其他节日的习俗，人们以此来祈祷好运、平安和幸福。
（十六）
白色污染指的是塑料污染(plastic pollution)。不可回收的(unrecyclable)塑料午餐盒沿途到处都是。塑料购物袋在空中飞扬。如果我们继续使用这些会发生什么呢？有一天，它们会将我们埋葬在白色垃圾堆中。那时的地球—我们共同的家园将成为一个垃圾桶(dustbin)。为防止这个噩梦成为现实，政府间应该互相紧密合作并将口头承诺付诸实际行动。同时，我们应当从自身做起，为绿色环保出一份力。
（十七）
端午节(the Duanwu Festival)，也叫龙舟节(the Dragon Boat Festival)，是中国农历(Chineselunar calendar)的五月初五。关于这个节日有很多传说，但是最著名是屈原的传说。屈原是战国(the Warring States PerioD．时期楚国的一位大臣。他正直，忠诚，因为提出让国家和平繁荣的建议而为人所尊重。然而，国王的统治让屈原日益心灰意冷，他于农历五月初五自沉汨罗江。
（十八）
中国国画有风景画，花鸟画和人物画三大类。从审美的(aesthetic)角度看，尽管中国国画与西洋画有许多相似之处，但它仍独具中国民族特色。中国国画吸取了诗歌、书法、绘画和篆刻(seal engraving)等多种艺术形式的长处。它很少像西方人那样因循守旧，反倒给画着提供了自由的表达空间。中国的画家通常将诗歌和哲理(philosophy)结合起来，正如中国的一个成语“诗情画意”。
（十九）
唐朝（Tang Dynasty）被历史学家认为是中国文明最辉煌的时期，唐朝的首都在长安。在与印度和中东（the Middle East）的交流中，在他们的促进下，唐朝在许多领域里得到了长足的发展。唐朝是文学和艺术的黄金时期。唐朝通过科举制度(civil service examinations)在全国选出优秀的儒家文人(Confucian literati)为政府效力，而唐朝的政府体系在儒学官僚(Confucian bureaucratic)的支持下也日臻完善。公元8世纪中期，唐朝势力开始衰落。
（二十）
假日经济的现象表明：中国消费者的消费观正在发生巨大变化。根据统计数据，中国消费者的消费需求正在从基本生活必需 品转向对休闲、舒适和个人发展的需求。 同时，中国人的消费观在蓬勃发展的假日 经济中正变得成熟。因此产品结构应做相 应调整，来适应社会的发展。另一方面，服务质量要改善，以满足人们提高生活质 量的要求。
（二十一）
对全球的应用程序(app)开发商来说，打入中国，这个世界最大的智能手机(smartphone)市场是非常不容易的。程序开发商们必须与数十家应用程序零售店(retail store)打交道，政府对这些零售店的监管要比美国宽松。程序开发商在中国还必须努力避免自己受到“山寨”产品泛滥的冲击，避开各种监管障碍以及中国本地程序开发商的激烈竞争。
（二十二）
2013年6月20日在中国各地，剧估计60万儿童和他们的老师观看了有宇航员（astronaut）王亚平在距离地球300公里的上空所讲授的科学课。王亚平与两个 同事乘坐天宫一号实验舱(the Tiangon-1 laboratory module)执行为期两周的任务。她在课上进行了一系列太空的物理演示。在有些演示中还对比了在地球上重力（one-gravity）环境下同样的实验。这堂物理 课不仅让孩子们享受了一堂知识与乐趣兼具的物理 课，也显示了我国通信科技的前进。

（一）
Traditional Chinese holiday meals are indispensable on some festivals. For example, the Dragon Boat Festivalis a day established in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan and people usually hold dragon boat races and eatzongzi, or rice dumpling on that day. The Mid-autumn Festival is an occasion for viewing the full moon. The roundmoon is a symbol for completeness and family reunion. The special food of the day is yuebing, a round cake knownas the mooncake. The Spring Festival is the Chinese lunar New Year's holiday. Besides the popular poultry andmeat, people cook traditional food according to regional customs, for example, jiaozi, or boiled dumplings, andniangao, or the "new year cake"
（二）
In Beijing, there are numerous hutongs. The life of common people in hutongs brings endless charm to theancient capital, Beijing. The hutong in Beijing is not only the living environment of common people but also a kindof architecture. Usually, there is a courtyard complex inside hutong, with rooms shared by 4 to 10 families of about20 people. Therefore, life in hutongs is full of friendliness and genuine humanity. Nowadays, with rapid social andeconomic development, many hutongs are replaced by new tall buildings. I hope hutongs can be preserved.
　　【难点精析】
　　1．带来了无穷的魅力：翻译为bring endless charm to。
　　2．汉语习惯于用并列的散句或短语来表达一个语境，而英文习惯上用整句表述，句内不太重要的信息会用介词短语或从句来补充说明，如本段中“胡同内有一个犬杂院，房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20口人住”是两个并列关系的汉语短句，翻译成英文时可将第二句用with介词结构表达出来，起补充说明的作用。
　　3．充满友善和人情味：翻译为full of friendliness and genuine humanity。
4．随着社会和经济的飞速发展：翻译为with rapid social and economic development，也是with介词短语的： 应用，在句中作伴随状语。
（三）
In the past seven years, China's real estate industry has developed in a record high speed. For those who earnless but are eager to own a decent and comfortable place of their own in a big city, the high housing price is aheavy burden that they cannot afford. For this reason, the government has taken a series of measures to prevent thehousing price from rising too fast, including raising interest rates and increasing taxes on real estate etc. Presently,these measures have achieved initial effects in some cities.
（四）
Nowadays, more and more university students complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job.The reasons for this phenomenon are as follows: First, college students spend most of their time at school studyingacademic subjects and it is Only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training.Second, competition among graduates has become more and more fierce. And this results in a decreased chance forany individual graduate to find a job. Therefore, it is highly suggested that college students should do some part-time jobs in their spare time to accumulate relevant working experience.
（五）
Paper cutting is one of China's most popular traditional folk arts. Chinese paper cutting has a history of morethan 1,500 years. It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. People often beautify theirhomes with paper cuttings. During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings areused to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere. The color most frequentlyused in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. Chinese paper cutting is very popular aroundthe world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends.
【难点精析】
1．传统民闻艺术形式：翻译为traditionalfolk art，其中folk意为“民间的，民俗的”，art既可以表示“艺 术”这一抽象概念，也可以表示具体的“艺术形式”，所以直接翻译为art即可，不必加form一词。
2．美化居家环境：“美化”即beautify，“居家环境”翻译成their homes即可，不要逐字生硬地翻译为home environment。
3．增加喜庆的气氛：翻译为enhance the joyous atmosphere。
4．象征健康和兴旺：翻译为which symbolizes health and prosperity，此处既可以用非限制性定语从句，也 可以用分词形式symbolizing health and prosperity。
（六）
The Mid—Autumn Festival is one of the Chinese traditional festivals held on the 15th day of me 8th lunar month．It’s said that the moon is at its brightest and roundest on that day.There are many legends about this festival，among which Chang E flying to the moon is the most well-known.Althougn customs differ in different districts，enjoying the beautiful moon is the most popular activity.0n that day when the moon rises，all the family members will sit around the table to talk and enjoy the glorlous Iull moon as well as the fruits and desserts such as mooncakes，pomegranates and dates.
（七）
China’s economy is developing very quickly,and has brought with it a culture of consumption more prevalent with each passing day．At the same time．it has brought into being an educated group of young people.who enjoy capitalist consumption way．They’re used to spending money as soon as they get it every month，and so are called“the moonlight group”．This word came into being during the 1990s，to make fun of those born into wealth，who have received a high education，and who appreciate fast food culture．
（八）
Credit cards areone of the most convenient devices ever created by the banking system but，at the same time，one of the most dangerous．They allow people to buy things they,otherwise，couldn’t afford，with money created by the banks and，charged out at much higher interest rates than normal loans．Unfortunately,credit cards have become an essential part of the capitalist system which only survives on the continued growth in consumption．
（九）
For global app developers, entering China, the world's largest sm trtphone markel is proving to be vex-ing. App makers must navigate dozens of app retail stores with looser rules th tn in the U.S., fend off a proliferationof cloned apps, and steer around a thicket of regulations and intense competiti )n from local developers.
（十）
For three hundred years starting in 220 AD, China was divided into three smaller kingdoms. One king- dom that lies in north, was called Wei, and it was ruled by the Ts'ao family. The second kingdom was called Shu Has, and it was ruled by Liu Bei. It was in the south-west part of China. The third kingdom was called Wu, and it was ruled by Sun Ch'uan. Wu was in the south-east part of China. One of the great books of Chinese literature, the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, is about this time.
（十一）
Tea drinking in China is a ritual，a demonstration of class and refined taste．Chatting over a pot of tea is very popular pastime among Chinese，and in the past，they would start the day with a visit to a well—known teahouse．Teahouses are the Chinese answer to French cafes and English pubs．People come here not just for tea，but also to discuss local news or to have furious political debates．
（十二）
Suzhou Street originally called Merchants Street, it was built in the style of South China towns during Emperor Qianlong's reign (1736-1795). It was a street where emperors and empresses could pretend to go shopping as ordinary people and it was burned to the ground by the Anglo-French Allied Forces in 1860 and restored in 1990. The 300-meter street is built over water with shops and stands on the bank. More than 60businesses, including a teahouse, a restaurant, a pharmacy, a bank, a hat store, a jewelry store and a grocery store, operate on the bank, presenting a concentrated illustration of the commercialism in South China towns in the 18th century.
（十三）
There are great difference between Chinese and Western eating habits. Unlike the West, where everyone has their own plate of food, in Chinese the dishes are placed on the table and everybody shares. If you are being treated by a Chinese host, be prepared for a table of food. Chinese are very proud of their culture of cuisine and will do their best to show their hospitality. And sometimes the Chinese hosts use their chopsticks to put food in your bowl or plate. This is a sign politeness.
【难点精析】
1. 第一句翻译“存在”之意时，通常可用there be 句型。
2. 第二句较长，翻译时，首先确定句子主干：“菜肴时让大家分享”，然后补充其余附属成分，“不同于西方”译为介词短语Unlike the West, 后面再嵌套一个定语从句来修饰the West, 由于先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where 来引导。
3. 第三句中“做好……心理准备”译为be prepared for.
4. 第四句中“对……感到非常自豪”译为be very proud of;“尽全力去”译为do one’s best to; “展示自己的好客”译为show their hospitality.
（十四）
China will develop its economy further and open itself wider to the outside world, which offers more business opportunities to overseas enterprises. Since China’s reform and opening up, Chinese enterprises have been cooperating with overseas enterprises in terms of economy and technology, and have scored great achievement. Overseas enterprises have not only helped Chinese enterprises with their growth, but also benefited from the cooperation. Chinese government will continue to offer favorable policies and conditions to promote the further cooperation between Chinese and overseas enterprises.
（十五）
The Lion Dance is one of the most widespread folk dances in China. The lion is the king of animals. In Chinese tradition, the lion is regarded as a mascot, which can bring good luck. Ancient people regarded the lion as a symbol of braveness and strength, which could drive away evil and protect humans. The dance has a recorded history of more than 2,000 years. During the Tang Dynasty, the Lion Dance was already introduced into the royal family of the dynasty. Therefore, performing the lion dance at the Lantern Festival and other festive occasions became a custom where people could pray for good luck, safety and happiness.
（十六）
We, as individuals, should start from ourselves to help protect the green environment.White pollution refers to plastic pollution. Unrecyclable plastic lunch boxes are all along roads. Plastic shopping bags dance in the wind. If we continue using them, what would happen? One day they might bury us in an ocean of white rubbish. Then the earth, our common homeland, would be a dustbin. To prevent this nightmare from coming true, governments need to work closely with each other and back up their verbal commitment by actions. We, as individuals, should start from ourselves to help protect the green environment.
（十七）
The Dragon Boat Festival, falls on the 5th day of the 5th month ac-cording to Chinese lunar calendar. Many legends circulate around the festival but the most popular is the legend ofQu Yuan. Qu was a minister of the State of Chu during the Warring States Period. He was upright, loyal and highlyesteemed for his wise counsel that brought peace and prosperity to the state. However, the emperor gradually madeQu disappointed. He drowned himself in the Miluo River on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month.
（十八）
Chinese traditional painting includes landscape painting, flower-and-bird painting and figure painting. From an aesthetic point of view, it still possesses Chinese unique national character although it has much in common with the Western painti