化学专业《专业英语》试卷(A-卷).doc

化学与环境学院2013/2014学年第（1）学期期末考试试卷
《专业英语》试卷（A 卷）
专业 年级 班级 姓名 学号
题号
一
二
三
四
五
总分
得分

一、单词短语中译英（每小题1分，共10分）
1.无机化学_____________2.二氧化碳_____________3.配体_____________
4.同分异构体___________5.氯化钠_____________ 6.酸和碱__________
7.摘要___________8.离子键_____________ 9.甲苯_____________
10.电子_____________

二、单词短语英译中（每小题1分，共15分）
(1) carbonate__________ (2) monoxide__________ (3) amino acid__________
(4) aromatic__________ (5) protein__________ (6) covalent bond_________
(7) raw material__________ (8) chemical shift _________ (9) solute __________
(10) oxygen__________ (11) monatomic__________ (12) polymer__________
(13) pesticide__________ (14) detergent__________ (15) donor__________
(16) nuclear magnetic resonance __________ (17) alkali metal__________
(18) geochemistry__________ (19) electrode__________ (20) alkene__________

二、阅读理解：（本题共3篇短文，15个小题，根据短文内容从各题的A,B,C,D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答案代码填入题后的括号内。每小题2分，本题满分30分）
（一）
There is evidence that the usual variety of high blood pressure is, in part, a familiar disease. Since families have similar genes as well as similar environments, familiar diseases could be due to shared genetic influences, to shared environmental factors, or to both. For some years, the role of one environmental factor commonly shared by families, namely dietary salt (i.e., sodium chloride), has been studied at Brookhaven National Laboratory. These studies suggest that chromic excess salt ingestion can lead to high blood pressure in man and animals. Some individuals, however, and some rats consume large amounts of salt without developing high blood pressure. No matter how strictly all environmental factors were controlled in these experiments, some salt-fed animals never developed hypertension whereas a few rapidly developed very severe hypertension followed by early death. These marked variations were interpreted to result from differences in genetic constitution.
By mating is successive generations only those animals that failed to develop hypertension from salt ingestion, a resistant strain(the "R" Strain)has been evolved in which consumption of large quantities of salt fails to influence the blood pressure significantly. In contrast, by mating only animals that quickly develop hypertension from salt, a sensitive strain ("S" strain) has also been developed. 
The availability of these tow strains permits investigations not heretofore possible. They provide a plausible laboratory model on which to investigate some clinical aspects of the human prototypes of hypertension. More important, there might be the possibility of developing methods by which genetic susceptibility of human beings to high blood pressure can be defined without waiting for its appearance. Radioactive sodium 22 was an important "tool" in working out the characteristics of the sodium chloride metabolism.
1. The study of the effects of salt on high blood pressure was carried out ______
A) as members of the same family tend to use similar amounts of salt
B) to explore the long-term use of a sodium based substance
C) because it was proven that salt caused high blood pressure
D) because of the availability of chemically pure salt and its derivatives
2. The main difference between "S" and "R" rats is their ______
A) need for sodium 22 B) rate of mating
C) reaction to salt D) type of blood
3. We can infer from the article that sodium 22 can de used to ______
A) control high blood pressure
B) cure high blood pressure caused by salt
C) tell the "S" rats from the "R" rats
D) determine what a sodium chloride metabolism is like
4. The most beneficial results of the research might be ______
A) development of diets free of salt
B) an early cure for high blood pressure
C) control of genetic agents that cause high blood pressure
D) the early identification of potential high blood pressure victims
5. Which of the statements best relates the main idea of this article?
A) When salt is added rats and human beings react similarly.
B) The near future will see a cure for high blood pressure.
C) The medical field is desperately in need of research.
D) A tendency toward high blood pressure may be a hereditary factor.

(二)
Today, as in every other day of the year, more than 3000 U.S. adolescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime, it can be expected that of these 3000 about 23 will be murdered, 30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweighs all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of death.
Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 percent, smoking rates among youth have declined. While the decline is impressive, several important issues must be raised.
First, in the past several years, smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second, in the late 1970s, smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent. The statistic is reversing. Third; several recent studies have indicated high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent. Finally, though significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade, no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most effective measures to reduce smoking levels among youth.
6. According to the author, the deaths among youth are mainly caused by _____
A) traffic accidents B) smoking-related disease
C) murder D) all of these
7. Every day there are over_____high school students who will become regular smoker.
A) 75 B) 23 C) 30 D) 300
8. By "dropout" the author means______
A) students who failed the examination B) students who left school
C) students who lost their way D) students who were driven out of school
9. The reason for declining adolescent smoking is that ________
A) NCI has taken effective measures
B) smoking is prevented among high school seniors
C) there are many smokers who have died of cancer
D) none of these
10. What is implied but not stated by the author is that ________
A) smoking rates among youth have declined very little
B) there are now more female than male smokers among high school seniors
C) high smoking rates are due to the increase in wealth
D) smoking at high school are from low socio-economic backgrounds

(三)
The accuracy of scientific observations and calculations is always at the mercy of the scientist's timekeeping methods. For this reason, scientists are interested in devices that give promise of more precise timekeeping.
In their search for precision, scientists have turned to atomic clocks that depend on various vibrating atoms or molecules to supply their "ticking" .This is possible because each kind of atom or molecule has its own characteristic rate of vibration. The nitrogen atom in ammonia, for example, vibrates or "ticks" 24 billion times a second.
One such atomic clock is so accurate that it will probably lose no more than a second in 3000 years. It will be of great importance in fields such as astrological observation and long-range navigation. The heart of this atomichron is a cesium atom that vibrates 9.2 billion times a second when heated to the temperature of boiling water.
An atomic clock that operates with an ammonia molecule may be used to check the accuracy of predictions based on Einstein's relativity theories, according to which a clock in motion and a clock at rest should keep time differently. Placed in an orbiting satellite moving at a speed of 18000 miles an hour, the clock could broadcast its time readings to a ground station, where they would be compared with the readings on a similar model. Whatever differences develop would be checked against the differences predicted.
11. Scientists expect that the atomic clocks will be ______
A) more precise B) absolutely accurate C) more durable D) indestructible
12. The heart of the atomichron is _______
A) a cesium atom B) an ammonia molecule C) a nitrogen atom D) a hydrogen
13. From the selection, we may assume that temperature changes_______
A) affect only ammonia molecules B) may affect the vibration rate of atoms
C) affect the speed at which atoms travel D) do not affect atoms in any way
14. Identical atomic clocks may be used to check______
A) the effect of outer space on an atomic clock
B) the actual speed of an orbiting satellite
C) the accuracy of predictions based on theories of relativity
D) all of Einstein's theories
15. Implied but not stated:_______
A) Precise timekeeping is essential in science
B) Scientists expect to disprove Einstein's relativity theories
C) Atomic clocks will be important in space flight
D) The rate of vibration of an atom never varies

三、翻译：（本题分英译汉和汉译英两部分内容，每部分10分，本题满分20分）
1. (10分) 化学键是一种力或相互作用，它使得原子、离子和分子结合在一起形成更复杂的聚集体。如果没有这种力的存在，原子或分子都将不能浓缩成液态或固态。即使温度达到绝对零度，所有原子都将以单原子气态存在。
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2. (10分) The number of atoms bonded to the central atom is called the coordination number of the central atom. Several geometries for the arrangement of ligands around the central atom are known. In the square planar arrangement, the central atom and the four ligands lie in a plane. Most of coordination number 4 complexes have a tetrahedral arrangement.
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