准确计算播种量采用夜灌日露的管水方法防止大田前期病虫危害.doc

准确计算播种量采用夜灌日露的管水方法防止大田前期病虫危害
水稻机插秧是一种省工、节劳、增产、增收的栽培技术。随着农业产业结构调整和农村劳动结构的不断变化,水稻机插秧越来越受到农民的欢迎。秧苗壮秧的标准为:苗基部茎宽为2.0~2.5mm,根数12~15条,秧苗盘根良好,秧块提起后不散落,叶色挺绿,秧苗均匀整齐,高度一致,秧块上成苗2～3株\/cm2以上。秧苗达到这种标准,机插时不仅能省工节本、操作简便,而且能缓解了劳动力紧张。现将机插水稻大田软盘泥浆育秧技术介绍如下。
Rice transplanting machine is a kind of labor, labor, production and income increase, cultivation techniques. With the continuous change of industrial structure adjustment of agriculture and rural labor structure, rice transplanting machine is more and more popular with farmers. The seedling seedling standard: seedling stem width is 2.0~2.5mm, root number 12~15, packing a good seedling, seedling block brought not scattered, leaf color is green, seedling uniform, highly consistent, seedling block seedling 2 ~ 3 lines above \/cm2. Seedling reached this standard, inserting machine can not only cost saving, convenient operation, and can alleviate the labor tension. The machine transplanting rice field floppy mud techniques described below.
　　1选用高产优质品种
1 Selection of cultivars with high yield and good quality
　　宁国是山区县市,以单季稻为主。品种应选用适合当地种植的优质、高产、稳产、抗性强、生育期适中的大穗型品种,如武运粳7号等常规稻,两优293、新两优6号、D优527、丰两优1号、丰两优3号等超级杂交稻组合,种子质量应达到国家标准的商品种子质量。
Ningguo is the mountain counties, mainly in rice. Varieties should be large spike cultivar selection of suitable for local cultivation of high quality, high and stable yield, strong resistance, moderate growth period, such as conventional rice Wuyunjing No. 7, two and 293, two and 6, D and 527, two and 1, Feng Feng two and 3, a super hybrid rice combination commodity seed quality, seed quality standard and national standard.
　　2精心选择准备秧田
2 carefully selected for nursery
　　根据计划机插面积,选择坐北朝南、背风向阳、排灌方便、运秧便利的田块,按照秧田与大田1∶100的比例留足秧田,并深翻耙平,使床土细碎,床土熟化。播前10~15d灌水泡田,播前2d,施复合肥112.5~150.0kg\/hm2作基肥,开沟起畦,畦面宽1.4m,沟宽30~40cm,深20cm,四周沟宽50cm,深30cm,要求床面整齐沟边垂直。秧板做好后及时排水晾晒,使床面沉实,确保播种前秧床面平整、沉实、干爽,床面无残茬杂物[1]。
According to the plan of machine selection area, facing south, the leeward Sunningdale, convenient irrigation and drainage, transport convenient field seedling, in accordance with the nursery and field 1: the proportion of 100 posts, and deep tillage rake, make the bed soil crushing, bed soil slaking. Before sowing Irrigation irrigation before sowing of 10~15d, 2D, 112.5~150.0kg\/hm2 fertilizer topdressing compound Hefei, furrow furrow, ridge width of groove width of 1.4m, 30~40cm, 20cm deep groove width, around 50cm, deep 30cm, requires the bed neat Mizobe vertical. The seedling plate well after the drainage area, the bed surface heavy, make sure before sowing seedling bed surface is smooth, dark, dry, no residue debris bed [1].
　　3播前准备
3 preparation before sowing
　　大田用种:常规稻45~60kg\/hm2,杂交稻22.5~30.0kg\/hm2。播种前晒种2~3d,再用浸种灵浸种24h,建议不催芽播种。如果非要催芽,按常规方法,破胸即可,根长度不超过稻谷的1\/2,芽长不超过稻谷的1\/3,摊开晾干即可播种。准备育秧塑盘,市场上俗称的9寸塑料软盘,即规格为58.0cm×28.0cm×2.5cm,每张面积约0.16m2。一般单季杂交稻机插密度为(14~16)cm×30cm,插21~24万穴\/hm2,大田育秧大田备足软盘300张\/hm2。秧盘每2张横摆、依次挤紧排列整齐,畦两边各留10cm,保证秧盘平整贴泥。
Field: conventional rice 45~60kg\/hm2, hybrid rice 22.5~30.0kg\/hm2. Before sowing in the 2~3d, and then diisothiocyanatomethane soaking 24h, suggest not primed seed. If not to germination, according to conventional methods, his chest, root length of not more than rice bud length does not exceed 1\/2, rice 1\/3, spread out to dry sowing. Preparation of seedling plastic disk, 9 inch floppy disc market commonly, namely the specifications for 58.0cm x 28.0cm x 2.5cm, each with an area of about 0.16m2. The density of Single Cropping Hybrid Rice machine plug (14~16) cm × 30cm, plug 21~24 million points \/hm2, Oda Oda with a floppy disk seedling 300 \/hm2. Seedling per 2 yaw, are tightly arranged in neat rows, border on both sides of the left 10cm, ensure seedling plate affixed to the formation of mud.
4适时精细播种
4 fine sowing time
　　播种质量直接关系到秧苗素质,因此要准确计算播种量,力求播种均匀,培育壮秧。根据茬口,按照秧龄15～22d推算播期。机播面积大的,要根据机插工作效率和机手操作熟练程度,安排好插秧进度,合理分批播种,确保适龄移栽。机插秧秧龄应控制在20d左右(叶龄2～4叶),再根据品种特性及当地气候条件,确保水稻安全育秧,有效避免虫害及有关病毒感染。一般宁国市单季稻4月底至5月初播种,麦稻区播种期应尽量后延,减少麦秧共生期,防止麦田稻飞虱、稻叶蝉传播病毒,减轻水稻条纹叶枯病和矮缩病的发生[2,3]。铺好秧盘后,搅拌畦沟泥浆,倒泥浆于盘上,用木条齐盘沿刮平,沉实30min。按盘定量均匀撒播,先播70%,再播30%,一般落谷3粒\/cm2左右,然后轻拍稻谷使之全部没入泥浆,以不见稻谷为宜。
Seed quality is directly related to the quality of seedlings, so to accurately calculate the seeding quantity, and strive to uniform seeding, cultivating strong seedling. According to the rotation, in accordance with the seedling age 15 ~ 22d estimation of sowing date. Sowing area, according to the machine work efficiency and machine hand operation proficiency, arrange reasonable batch sowing, transplanting schedule, to ensure that school-age transplanting. Seedling age should be controlled around 20d rice transplanter (age 2 ~ 4 leaves), then according to the variety characteristics and local climate conditions, ensure the safety of rice seedling, effectively prevent pests and virus infection. In general Ningguo city at the end of 4 to 5 early sowing rice, wheat sowing date should be postponed, reduce the wheat seedling intergrowth, prevent crop rice planthopper, Inaba spread the virus, reduce the rice stripe disease and dwarf disease [2,3]. Shop good seedling, stirring trench mud, mud on the board, wood Qi disc edge strickle, heavy 30min. According to the disc quantitative evenly spread, first broadcast 70%, to sow 30%, general sowing 3 grains of about \/cm2, then pat rice to make it all not into the mud, not suitable for rice.
　　5水肥管理
5 water and fertilizer management
　　播后第2天起,为使秧苗能盘好根系,采用夜灌日露的管水方法。每天傍晚上水,一直淹没所有秧盘,清晨排水,直至露出所有的秧盘,以确保秧苗生长整齐、均匀,避免薄水日晒,造成高温伤苗。3~4d后,秧苗达到1叶1心时,进入常规管理,保持秧盘湿润即可。如遇阴天、雨天,排清沟水,保持盘土湿润;遇晴天,则灌水护苗。秧苗1.5~3.0叶时,保持沟水,视天气情况可灌跑马水。机插前3~5d,排清沟水,促进秧苗盘根,露晒秧盘,方便起秧和机插。秧苗的追肥要根据土壤的肥力、秧龄、气温,特别是秧苗的素质等具体情况而定。一般在一叶一心期施用,施腐熟的稀薄人粪7.5t\/hm2对水15t,或用尿素60~75kg\/hm2对水15t,于傍晚叶片吐水时浇施,施后喷清水1遍,以防肥害[4,5]。施用壮秧剂育秧的田块可以不施。一般不提倡施用送嫁肥。
Second days after sowing, the seedlings can set good roots, using night irrigation pipe water method day lotion. Every evening in Sheung Shui, has been flooded all seedling, early in the morning until bare drainage, seedling tray all, to ensure that the seedling growth and tidy, uniform, avoid sun thin water, resulting in high temperature injury seedlings. After 3~4d, the seedlings reached 1 leaves 1 heart, into the routine management, keep the seedling disc wet can. In case of cloudy, rainy days, rows of clear water, keep the soil moist disk; in a sunny day, the irrigation seedling. Keep water in seedling leaves, 1.5~3.0, depending on the weather Paomashui irrigation. Machine transplanting 3~5d, rows of clear water, promote seedling packing, exposed to the sun, a seedling tray, convenient lifting and inserting machine. Seedling fertilization according to the soil fertility, seedling age, temperature, especially the seedling quality and other specific circumstances. In the application of leaf stage, applying decomposed thin feces 7.5t\/hm2 on water 15t, or 60~75kg\/hm2 urea on water 15t, in the evening when the leaves spit water watering, fertilization of water 1 times, in order to prevent fertilizer [4,5]. The application of seedling strengthen agent seedling field can not. Generally do not advocate using send to marry fertilizer.
　　6病虫害防治
6 pest control
　　秧田期要注意立枯病、稻瘿蚊、稻纵卷叶螟、稻蓟马等病虫害的发生。育秧期间气候欠稳定、温差较大,易遭立枯病的侵袭,在秧苗一叶一心期开始注意,清晨观察,如局部秧苗叶尖无水珠,可用敌克松1 000~1 500倍液对水9~10t喷洒预防。在一叶期用吡虫啉、乐斯本等药物防治虫害。特别强调,在插秧前3~4d喷施锐劲特+铜大师广谱性杀虫防病的药剂,防止大田前期病虫危害。
Nursery period should pay attention to blight, to rice gall midge, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, rice thrips, the occurrence of pests and diseases. Seedling period less stable climate, large temperature difference, prone to damping-off, seedling leaf stage in the morning began to pay attention, observation, such as local seedling tip no water available, Dexon 1 000~1 500 times liquid spraying prevention of water 9~10t. In a leaf with imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos drugs such as pest control. Especially, in pharmacy before rice transplanting 3~4d spraying fipronil + copper master broad-spectrum insecticidal prevention, prevent the field early plant diseases and insect pests.