商务英语综合教程2-汉译英.docx

商务英语综合教程2 汉译英原文

P19
近年来在布鲁塞尔不难看到，英语正以不可遏止的态势日益成为欧洲的通用语言。哪些母语是英语、懒于学习汉语的人们（的确有这样的人），可以毫不费力地在布鲁塞尔工作或游览，这让人感觉难堪。在这个迷人的比利时城市，到处可以听到英语，看到英文，并越来越普遍，在水泥和玻璃构成的欧洲区更是如此。但是，与这一趋势相反的迹象也日益彰显，这倒不是因为怀旧，而是出于经济效益和政治公平的考虑。非常巧合，在布鲁塞尔你也能看到反对英语成为通用语的态势的增长。
在欧洲区，欧盟的扩张使得英文不仅领先于其他语言，而且出于绝对优势地位。欧盟号称拥有27个成员国，23种官方语言，但只有重要会议才用翻译；事实上，较低级别的会议中唯一的工作语言是英语。
这对于欧洲是否有益？给人的感觉是这样比较高效，但是对于很多人来说，英语本族语人享有不公平的优势：用母语辩论要容易得多。并且，对于非英语本族语人来讲，听懂其他国家非英语本族语人的英语是很难的，但对于英国人或爱尔兰人来讲，破译各种口音的英文并非难事。
瑞士经济学家弗兰克斯。格林（Francois Grin）说，借助英语的优势，英国人每年从邻国隐性获利数十亿欧元。他给出了多种理由，其中之一是，英国用于学校语言教学的支出，远远少于法国、瑞士等国家。更令人难以接受的是，英国从教外国人学英语中获利。
In recent years Brussels has been a fine place to observe the irresistible rise of English as Europe’s lingua franca. For native speakers of English who are lazy about learning languages (yes, they exist), Brussels has become embarrassingly easy place to work or visit. English is increasingly audible and visible in this charming Belgian city, and widespread in the conerete-and-grass European quarter. Now , however, signs of a backlash are building. This is not based sentiment, but on points of economic efficiency and political fairness. And in a coincidence, Brussels is again a good place to watch the backlash develop.
Start in the European district, where the expansion of the European Union has left English not just ahead of other languages, but in the position of utter dominance. The union now boasts 27 members and 23 official languages, but important meetings use interpreters. At lower levels, as a matter of fact, English is the language spoken.
Is this good for Europe? It feels efficient, but being a native English-speaker also seems to many to confer an unfair advantage. It is far easier to argue a point in your mother tongue. It is also hard work for even the best non-native speakers to understand other non-native versions of English, whereas it is no great strain for the British or Irish to decipher the various accents.
Francois Grin, a Swiss economist, argues that Britain enjoys hidden transfer from its neighbors worth billions of Euros a year, thanks to the English language. He offers several reasons, starting with spending in Britain on language teaching in schools, which is proportionately lower than in France or Switzerland, say, to add insult to injury Britain profits from teaching English to foreigners.

P42
1986年，飞机制造商们发布了他们第一部简化技术英语（Simplified Technical English）指南，随后被美国航空运输协会(Air Transport Association of America)采用，并自那时起成为一个国际标准。
此项标准具体体现在其各项指令当中，这些指令旨在确保一旦人们掌握某个词所表达的意思，就不会遇到该词还表示其他意思的情况。例如，飞机制造商们被告知，单词“follow”始终应表示“跟随”而不是“遵守”之意。因此，你能够说“Obey（遵守）安全指令”，而不能再说“Follow（遵守）安全指令”。
你会明白，为什么此项标准在飞机维修书中或许是有价值的，但在报道信贷危机时却会带来不必要的限制。
然而，至少有一个新闻机构已开发出简化英语服务，并且距今已有相当一段时间。美国之音（Voice of America）于1959年播出了第一期所谓的“特别英语”（Special English）的节目。
该节目的词汇表稍大一些——1500个单词。它还拥有文法规则：使用短句，每句只包含一个意思；使用主动语态；不使用成语；而最为重要的的是，语速要慢。“特别英语”节目广播员的语速是正常语速的三分之二。
对于一个母语为英语的人来说，这种效果会令人昏昏欲睡。不过对于一个母语非英语的人来说，能增进理解必定是令人兴奋的。简化英语可能不适用于每个人，但是随着全世界工作语言为英语的人数增加，我想我们将看到它的更多应用。
In 1986, the manufacturers issued their first guide to Simplified Technical English, which was then adopted by the Air Transport Association of America and has since become an international standard,
The standard is special in its instructions, which aim to ensure that once someone has learnt a word in one form, they will not encounter it in another. So, manufacturers are told the word “follow” should always mean “come after” and not “obey”. So you can say “obey the safety instruction” but not “follow the instruction”.
You can see why this might be useful in aircraft maintenance books but it would be unnecessarily restrictive in reporting the credit crisis.
But at least one news organization has developed a simplified English service, and it did it some time back. The voice of America broadcast its first program in what it calls “Special English”.
This has a slightly bigger vocabulary-1,500 words. It also has style rules: use short sentences that contain only one idea. Use the active voice. Do not use idioms. And above all, speak slowly. The special English broadcasters speak at two-thirds of normal speed.
To a native speaker, the effect is soporific. To a non-native speaker, the increase in comprehension must be thrilling. Simplified English may not be for everyone, but with the rise in the number of people around the world working in English, I suspect we will see more of it.

P63
大学需要适应不断变幻的世界所带来的变化的机会。在未来，教育将会变成一个终身的需要求。我们已经看到被人们称为“燃料箱”的这一教育模式的结束。在这种教育模式下，人们年轻时用知识来给自己填充燃料，接下来在其一生的工作中逐渐消耗所学的知识，直到退休。现在，通过因特网向数千英里外的人传送知识的机会大大增大了。因此，教学本身、教学对象和教学方法都要改变。
所以，我坚持认为，如果在一个时代，一个社会的富裕和成功是建立在如何更好地生产粮食上；而在另一个时代，一个社会的富裕和成功是建立在如何更好地生产和运用钢铁；那么，在我们正在前进的当今世界上，一个社会的富裕和成功是建立在如何产生和运用知识上。在这点上，我坚信没有什么机构能比大学更重要。大学永恒的传统应该是我们要永远年轻，永远要承诺不断更新自我。这就是全世界大学应该做的。
Universities will need to adapt to the changing opportunities that the changing world brings. In the future, education is going to be much more of a lifelong demand. We are seeing already the end of what one might call the fuel tank model of education, where people fill themselves up with knowledge when they are young, gradually deplete their knowledge as they work through a lifetime, then retire. The opportunities to deliver knowledge to people who are thousands of miles away are greatly magnified by the internet. So the work of teaching –who we teach and how we teach them- will change.
Hence, I am firmly convinced that if in one era the wealth and the success of a society depend on how well it grew food, and if in another era, the wealth and success of a society depend on how well it produced and used steel, in the world that we are headed into, the wealth and success of a society will depend on how it produces and how it uses knowledge. And I am firmly convinced there will be no more important institutions to this new world than universities. The most enduring tradition of university is that we are forever young, forever committed to renewing ourselves. That must be the work of universities around the world.