初二英语总结.doc

1、如有always ,often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, once a....,every...用一般现在时，第一、二人称复数后跟动词原形，第三人称单数后跟动词加's'/'es'。

2、如有now ,look! ,listen, at the moment ....用现在进行时，结构是be (am, is, are) +v-ing

3、如有tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, from now on, in +一段时间, some day, next....用一般将来时，结构：will + v原  \ be going to +v原（没有动词用be ）

4、如有yesterday, ......ago , last....just now.....用一般过去时动词加ed

give sb. Sth.=give sth. to sb. 给某人某物    every day每天,

write down 写下，记下write it (them) down   everyday每天的，日常的,

 how about doing sth.=what about doing sth.做....怎么样       each other 互相.

thanks a lot= thank you very much非常谢谢

回答That's all right. =You're welcome.= That'OK.= It's my pleasure.=Not at all.Why don't you+V原...=why not+...V原 为什么不

help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助别人       help sb. (to )do sth.帮助某人做某事

with one's help=with the help of sb.在某人的帮助help oneself to sth.请自用食物

watch sb. do sth. 看到某人做了某事，（现在没有做，做过）

watch sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事（正在做）see, hear类似

remember to do sth.想起记得要做某事，未做事  remember doing sth.相起记得做过某事

forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事         forget doing sth.忘记做过某事

welcome back欢迎回来  ,            new term新学期

this term这学期 ,                   next term 下学学期,

last term上学期,                   give you some advice给你一些建议

why not 为什么不,                make a mistake=make mistakes犯错误

correct spelling正确的拼写,  what else?=what other things? 还有什么

a piece of advice 一条建议,         follow /take one's advice采用别人的建议,

send sth to sb.=send sb. sth. 寄给某人 send for派人去请/取

send up发射.                          all the time一直

enjoy a good time=have a great time=have fun, 玩得愉快

lots of =a lot of =many(可数)\much(不可数)许多 ,          ,

spend :  sb. spend some time on sth.某人花费时间做某事

         sb. spend some time (in) doing sth. 某人花费时间做某事

         Sb. spend some money on sth. 某人花费钱买某物

         Sb. spend some money (in) buying sth.某人花费钱买某物

Cost:    sth. cost sb. some money 某物花去某人钱

 pay:    sb. pay some money for sth. 某人支付钱

Take: It takes (took) sb.some time to do sth.做某事花去某人时间

 ask for 请求，要求,        ask sb. for sth.向某人要某物

 ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事    a piece of一块

enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事.finish,practise, mind, miss ,consider,keep, continue,这些词语后跟动名词形式V-ing 

place sth.in =put sth. in 把某物放在…里面

else常修饰不定代词，关系代词或副词，也可修饰all, much,little等，else要位于其后。所有格为else's.

take a deep breath深呼吸,     catch\hold one's breath屏住呼吸,

out of breath上气不接下气,     wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事,

the number of …的数目，后跟名词复数，动词用三单,  a number of =many,大量，许多后跟名词复数，动词用复数形式。a large number of， a small number of ,

invite sb.to do sth. 邀请某人做某事   find+ it+ adj+to do sth.发现做某事怎么样

try to do sth.尽力做事               try doing sth. 尝试做某事

try not to do sth .尽力不做某事          try one's best尽某人最大的努力,

a group of 一组，一群,           borrow sth from sb.从某人处借入某物,

lend sth.to sb=lend sb.sth.借给某人某物         keep借一段时间

practice doing sth.,练习做做某事          come from=be from来自,

look for 寻找,                 look after=care for=take care of照顾

look up 向上看，查阅,             look like看起来像,

look at 看着,                     look on sb. as把某人看作,

look forward to doing sth. 盼望，期待做某事        look over检查，翻阅 ,

look out当心，向外看 ,           look through仔细查看,

be ready for =get ready for=prepare for为…,        be ready准备好 ,

be (get ) ready to do sth.准备做某事，乐意做某事

translate…into… 将…译成…，

take a message捎个信，           leave a message留个信，

be good for 对…有好处，          be good at =do well in擅长于…

be poor at =be bad at =do badly in=be weak in不擅长…  Think of想起，

think about想出，                  think over仔细考虑，

else修饰不定代词something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,anybody,

nobody和who, what,when,where时放后，

四说，1,speak说语言，2.say说内容，3,talk与谁说，4,tell告诉，讲述，

四看，1,watch观看电视，比赛和表演，2,see看人，电影，医生，风景，

     3,read看书，报，4,look就看。  看场电影要用see，读书看报用read  电视、戏剧、比赛，凡是表演用watch,observe细观察，一时注意用notice.

make+宾语+补足语（形容词）使某人某物怎么样。

.make+宾语+do 让某人做某事

make+宾语+过去分词   使某人被怎么样；make friends with sb.与某人交朋友，

hear of听说，                hear from收到某人的来信，

be bad for对…有害，       it is +adj.+of sb +to do sth.写性格，品质    kind, good

 nice ,right,wrong,clever,careless,polite,foolish等。

It is+adj+for sb +to do sth. 对物的评价difficult,easy hard,dangerous,important,等

write  to… 给…写信，                  next to 在…旁边，

do some concerts办音乐会，             speak to sb.和某人讲话，

say hello to sb. 给某人问好，           say bye to sb.向某人说再见，

show sb. around somewhere带某人参观某地， 

learn sth  from sb.向某人学习

choose the correct answers选择正确答案,    correct the mistakes改错,

match …with…把…和…搭配起来

建议：1.why don't you do sth?=why not do sth?

      2.How about doing sth?=what about doing sth?

      3.You should /can do sth.  4.Remember to do sth.

      5.Don't forget to do sth.    6.can you do sth ?

      7.Let's do sth.    8.It'sa good idea to do

      9.would you like to do ?   10.Shall we do

      11.You'd better (not )do sth.

回答：That's a good idea.Thanks a lot.

      Great,  OK.   That's right.  All right.  Good idea.  Sure.
MODULE2  现在完成时：

1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或结果，常与recently, ever, never,already,yet ,just,before still连用；

2.表示发生在过去并且一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for+时间段或since+时间点连用。

结构：have(has)+过去分词，

get into=enter进入,              what's the price of …=how much is …问价格

dream about梦到,                dream of 梦见,    

around the world=all over the world全世界,

stay with sb.与某人呆一起        stay at home呆在家里,

stay in bed呆在床上 ,             walk to =go to…on foot步行去

take off 脱下，起飞,               land on/in /at 着路,

all over China,全中国,             take a seat =have a seat请坐 ,

come ture实现,             fly to =go to ...by plane(by air),坐飞机

drive to =go to …by car开车，     at the end of在…尽头/结尾

sell out 卖光,                    at the end 在结束时,

have been to去过（现在不在那儿） ,have gone to 去了（现在不在说话地）

everyday English日常英语，          first price一等奖，

The most exciting experience最激动人心的经历，     before long不久，

long before=soon=a little later很久以前，   no problem没问题，

have a problem in doing sth.做某事有困难，  work out a problem解决一个问题，

invite sb to do sth,邀请某人做某事     invite sb to some place邀请某人去某地,

one day,某一天，（过去或将来）       some day某一天（将来） ,

连系动词，一是be (am, is ,are ,was ,were,)一感觉feel ，一保持keep，三变become, get turn，

四起来taste ,smell , look, sound，后跟形容词作表语。

不定代词：somebody, some one某人，anybody,anyone任何人nobody,no one，没人everyone,everybody每个人,something某物 ,anything任何物,nothing没事,everything一切事物，修饰他们的形容词放后。

different kinds of =all kinds of 不同种类的，各种各样的，

by the end of 到…末为止，不迟于

give a concert=give concerts举办音乐会

in the end =finally最后，终于，

take  a photo=take photos照相，店       cook sth for sb.=cook sb.sth. 为某人做饭buy,make

such+a /an +adj+单数名词=so +adj+a/an+单数名词 (名前such，形副so，多多少少也用so,little属特殊，“小”用such,少用so.)   

交通工具的乘坐，take  the(a) +交通工具to , =go...by+交通工具=go...on /in+a(the)+交通工具(小汽车只能用in ，其余的可用in ,on);

walk to some where=go to...on foot;   fly to somewhere.=go ....by plane

ride to somewhere=go...by bike,     drive to somewhere=go to by car,

a kind of一种 ,     be kind to sb对某人友善     since then从那时起，

take off 脱下，起飞，请假,        reckon=consider =regard =think考虑，认为,

be reckoned (to be) ,被以为            reckon....as... 相当于

regard ...as...把当成                 in the photo,在照片里

go abroad,出国          be abroad,在国外    travel abroad,到国外旅行

sell out,卖光           sell to , 卖给某人            sell well卖得好 ,

四个也：also,肯定，行前be 后；too肯定，句末；either,否定，句末；as well,肯定，句末。

go to sleep,去睡觉              the price of,....的价格，形容价格用high,low。

sell sth at a high price,以高价出售，     sell sth at a low price,以低价出售。

yet ,用于完成时态的否定句和疑问句中；have a wonderful time 玩得高兴,

would like to do sth=want to do sth,想要做某事

would like sb. to do sth=wat sb to do sth想要某人做某事
MODULE3

already早已，用于完成时的肯定,； yet,用于完成时的否定和疑问； just,用于完成时

 just now=a moment ago用于过去时,  

arrive at (小地方)/in(大地方)=reach=get to ,到达

bring,从外往里拿，    take ,从里往外拿，   carry无方向,    fetch往返拿,

more than ,=over,多于             less than,少于

alone,个体单独，独自；          lonely,孤独，寂寞，也表示荒凉，

most of.. ..的大多数,              a  visit to 对 ...的参观, 

on a visit to....,参观...              for a visit 参观,     pay a visit to ,拜访

as ...as....和....一样               not as ...as..=not so ...as 不如,

so ...that如此...以致于....如果that后是否定,就可以用too...to转换,如果是肯定就用,形容+enough(for sb )to do sth.

be famous for 因...面著名(原因),         be famous as以...身份或产地而著名

prefer doing sth. to doing sth.=like doing sth better than doing sth更喜欢做某事,

prefer to 更喜欢...  prefer to do sth rather than do sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事,

return from a visit to 从...访问返回,     

be named  after 以...的名字命名,

be proud of 以....自豪,           be up to sb.由某人决定,

up to 从事于,忙于,                space station在太空站,

show sth  to sb.=show sb sth把某物给某人看,    on business出差,因...公事,

在...的上面  over,在..上面,正上方,中间有段空间,反义为under

on 在...上面,贴着物表,反义beneath,    above在..上方,高出,反义below

in the sky=in the air在天空中,         by air=by plane坐飞机,

in the last three years在过去三年里,用于现在完成时,

none 用于三个以上的全否定，反义为all；neither两个都不，反义为both,

the lastest news,最新消息，     share sth.with sb.与分享某物