专业英语最终版.doc

2010级专业英语PPT词汇汇总
微生物与生化药学
6

1. Target Gene （目的基因）
2. Gene Targeting（基因打靶技术）
3. Gene Library （基因文库）
4. Shotgun Sequencing Method （鸟枪法）
5. Reverse Transcription (逆转录)
6. Nucleic Acid Hybridization (核酸杂交)
7. PCR （聚合酶链式反应）
8. Denaturation (变性)
9. DNA Melting Temperature (Tm值，DNA熔解温度)
10. Annealing (退火)
11. Extension (延伸)
12. Cloning Vector (克隆载体)
13. Plasmid (质粒)
14. Bacteriophage (细菌噬菌体)
15. Restriction Enzyme (限制性内切酶)
16. Palindromic Sequence (回文结构)
17. DNA Ligase (DNA连接酶)
18. Blunt Ends （平性末端）
19. Cohesive End (黏性末端)
20. Transformation (转化)
21. Competent Cells (感受态细胞)
22. Blue / white Screening （蓝白斑筛选）
23. Positive Clone (阳性克隆)
24. Prokaryotic Expression (原核表达)
25. CHO Cell (中国仓鼠卵巢细胞)
26. IPTG (异丙基硫代半乳糖苷)
27. Lac Operon (乳糖操纵子)
28. Transcription (转录)
29. Ribosome (核糖体)
30. Translation (翻译)
31. Inclusion Bodies (包涵体)
32. SDS-PAGE (SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳)
33. Western Blot (蛋白质印迹)
34. Messenger RNA (mRNA) (信使RNA)
35. Intron (内含子)
36. Fermentor (发酵罐)
37. Secondary Metabolite (次级代谢产物)
38. Continuous Fermentation (连续发酵)
39. Interferon (干扰素)
40. Protein Purification (蛋白质的纯化、提纯)
41. Ultracentrifugation (超速离心)
42. Affinity Chromatography (亲和层析)
43. Ion Exchange Chromatography (离子交换层析)
44. Salting (盐析)
45. Antibody Titer (抗体滴度)
46. Cell Culture (细胞培养)
47. Mass Spectrometry (质谱)

药物化学
1. Medicinal Chemistry/Pharmaceutical Chemistry 药物化学
2. Lead Compound/ Prototype 先导化合物 /原型物
3. Prodrug 前药
4. Soft Drug 软药
5. Hard Drug 硬药
6. Me-too Drug 仿制药
7. Twin Drug 孪药
8. Computer-assisted drug design CADD 计算机辅助设计
9. Bioisoterism 生物等排体：
10. High-throughput Screening (HTS) 高通量筛选
11. TCM fingerprint(Tradition Chinese Medicine fingerprint) 中药指纹图谱:
12. Combinatorial Chemistry组合化学
13. Stereochemistry立体化学的
14. Semi-synthetic Drug 半合成药物
15. New Chemical Entity（NCE）新化学实体
16. Structure-activity Relationships (SAR) 构效关系
17. NSAIDS (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) 非甾体抗炎药
18. Saccharide( carbohydrate ) 糖类
19. Polysaccharide 多糖
20. Aglycone 苷元
21. Coumarin 香豆素
22. Anthraquinone 蒽醌
23. Flavonoids黄酮
24. Terpenoids萜类
25. Alkaloids生物碱
26. Tannins鞣质
27. Saponins皂苷
28. Secondary metabolites二次代谢产物
29. Extract提取
30. Isolation 分离
31. Chromatography 色谱法
32. TLC （Thin-Layer Chromatography ）薄层色谱法
33. HPLC （High-performance liquid chromatography）高效液相色谱
34. Ultraviolet spectroscopy紫外光谱法

药理学
1. Clinical pharmacology 临床药理学
2. Pharmacodynamics 药效学
3. Pharmacokinetics 药动学
4. Pharmacogenetics 遗传药理学
5. Animal model 动物模型
6. Compartmental model 房室模型
7. Double-blind trials 双盲实验
8. Dose-effect relationship 量效关系
9. Bradykinin 缓激肽
10. Chronotherapy 时间疗法
11. Up-regulation 受体上调
12. Down-regulation 受体下调
13. Tachyphylaxis 快速耐受
14. Drug sensitive test 药敏试验
15. Plasma protein binding ratio 血浆蛋白结合率
16. Intrinsic sympathomimetic activity 内在拟交感活性
17. First dose phenomenon 首剂现象
18. Drug abuse 药物滥用
19. Safety index 安全指数
20. Therapeutic window 治疗窗
21. Administration route 给药途径
22. Rectal route of administration 直肠给药
23. Drug combination 合并用药
24. Combined drug intoxiation 联合药物中毒
25. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration 最小抑菌浓度
26. Alcoholism 酒精中毒
27. Detoxication 解毒作用
28. Rebound effect 停药反跳
29. Hypertensive emergency 高血压危象
30. Ototoxicity 耳毒性
31. Cushing's syndrom 库欣综合征
32. Gray baby syndrome 灰婴综合征
33. Reye’s syndrome 瑞夷综合症
34. Stress 应激
35. Mydriasis 扩瞳
36. Inflammation 炎症
37. Euphoria 欣快感
38. Arrhythmia 心律失常
39. Bronchiectasis 支气管扩张
40. Diffusion through pores 膜孔扩散
41. Orthostatic hypotension 直立性低血压
42. Enzyme inducer 酶诱导剂
43. Antiviral drug 抗病毒药
44. Local anesthetic 局麻药
45. General anaesthetic 全麻药
46. Glucocorticoid 糖皮质激素

中药学
1. Primary metabolites (一次代谢产物)
2. Secondary metabolism (次生代谢)
3. Secondary metabolites (二次代谢产物
4. Acetate-malonate pathway醋酸-丙二酸途径
5. Mevalonic pathway甲戊二羟酸途径
6. Cinnamic acid pathway & shikimic acid pathway桂皮酸途径和莽草酸途径
7. Amino acid pathway氨基酸途径
8. Tissue culture (组织培养)
9. Hairy root culture (毛状根培养)
10. Hybridization (杂交)
11. Processing(炮制)
12. Glycosylation (苷化).
13. Artemisinin (青蒿素) imes
14. Taxol 紫杉醇
15. Camptothecin 喜树碱
16. Vincristine 长春新碱
17. Menthol薄荷醇 :
18. Ephedrine （麻黄碱）
19. Good Agricultural Practice (GAP):
20. IND (新药研究) : Investigational New Drug (IND)
21. The New Drug Application (NDA (新药申请))
22. Stream distilling 水蒸汽蒸馏
23. SFE-CO2 超临界二氧化碳提取
24. Percolation (渗漉法)
25. Decoction （煎煮法）
26. Fermentation (发酵）
27. Hydrolase 水解酶
28. Protease 蛋白酶
29. Trypsin胰蛋白酶
30. gradient elution（梯度洗脱）
31. Isocratic flow 等度洗脱
32. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) 固相萃取
33. Affinity Chromatography 亲和色谱法
34. Supercritical fluid chromatography 超临界流体色谱法
35. High Speed Counter Current Chromatography 高速逆流色谱
36. Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) 排阻色谱
37. 2D-Chromatography
38. Pyrolysis gas chromatography 热裂解气相色谱
39. Nanoemulsion纳米乳
40. Subnanoemulsion 亚纳米乳
41. Microcapsule微囊
42. Inclusion compound包合物
43. Solid dispersion固体分散体
44. Nanoparticles纳米粒
45. Submicroparticles亚微粒
46. Liposome （脂质体)
47. Sustained-release preparations缓释制剂
48. Controlled-release preparations控释制剂
49. Pharmacognosy (生药学)
50. Phytochemistry (植物化学)

制药工程

1. Flocculation絮凝作用
2. Vortex 漩涡、涡流
3. vaccine 疫苗
4. Electrophoresis System电泳仪
5. Electrolytic analyzer 电解质分析仪
6. Fermenter 发酵罐
7. Freeze- dried 冷冻干燥
8. fluidized bed 流化床
9. Flavor调味剂
10. Filler辅料（药剂辅料）
11. gravimetric analysis重量分析
12. Gradient elution 梯度洗脱
13. Nanoemulsion 纳米乳
14. anti-inflammatory 抗炎药
15. granulation 制粒
16. Half lethal dose LD 50 半数致死剂量
17. Half effective dose ,ED 50 半数有效量
18. buffer agent 缓冲剂
19. equal incremental method 等量递增法
20. clevenger-type 挥发油测定仪
21. Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance ，HLB val 亲水亲油平衡值
22. Percolation 渗漉法
23. Transdermal Delivery System, TDS 透皮给药系统
24. menstruum (尤指药用的)溶剂；溶媒
25. Aerosol 气雾剂，气溶胶
26. reverse osmosis，RO 反渗透
27. clathrate compound 包合物
28. Iontophoresis 离子渗透法
29. supercritical fluid 超临界流体
30. Decolorization 脱色
31. Micro-jet 微射流
32. Hydrodynamics 流体动力学
33. Defoamer 消泡剂
34. Size-exclusion chromatography 分子排阻层析
35. Membrane separation 膜分离法
36. ultrafiltration（UF） 超滤
37. Recrystallization 重结晶
38. Michaelis-Menten kinetics 米氏动力学
39. Isoelectric focusing 等电聚焦
40. Cation-exchange resin 阳离子交换树脂

Pharmacy 药学，药店
药店：Hospital Pharmacy and Community Pharmacy
同义词：
Drug store;
Chemist’s store;
apothecary; dispensary
Pharmacist: 药师
分类：Industrial Pharmacist;
Analytical Pharmacist;
Hospital/community Pharmacist;
Administrative Pharmacist.
Words with prefix—Pharma:
Pharmacist, pharmaceutical, pharmacology,
pharmacopoeia, pharmacodynamics,
pharmacokinetics, pharmacotherapeutic,
pharmacoeconomics, pharmacochemist,
pharmacodiagnosis, pharmacogenetics
pharmacoradiography

Words wirh suffix—ist
Scientist, chemist, pharmacist, physicist, specialist, dentist
药厂
pharmaceutical factories,
pharmaceutical laboratories,
pharmaceutical companies,
pharmaceutical plants,
pharmaceutical works,
pharmaceutical houses.
系列词——组织（body）
Organization
Agency
Institution
Unit
establishment
Shock
Surprise
Stun
Scored
Dispersable
“领域”系列词
Pharmacy circle, world, field, profession, kindom
Dosage form
Capsule, tablet, granule, powder, pill, injection, oral medicine, liquid, lincture, infusion, ointment, plaster, spray, decoction,
patch, soft capsule, suspension, species, suppository
New words and expressions
“开始、引进”系列词
Initiate: 开始, 发动, 传授
Start: 出发, 开始, 起程; 出发点,
Begin: 开始, 首先
Commence: 开始, 着手
Open(with): 开始, 展开, 打开, 公开,
“阻止、妨碍”系列词
Hinder: 阻碍, 打扰
Deter: 阻止
Prevent: 防止, 预防
Obstruct: 阻碍物,
Delay: 耽搁, 延迟
Block: 妨碍, 阻塞; 木块, 街区,
head off: 阻止, 拦截
Forestall: 之前, 预防, 垄断, 阻碍
Inhibit: 抑制, 约束
“引起”系列词
Trigger: 引发, 引起, 触发; 扳机
Induce: 劝诱, 促使, 导致, 引起
Cause: 引起, 促成; 原因, 动机, 目标, 理想
Bring about: 使发生, 致使
“增加/减少”系列词
Increase, raise(vt.), boost(推进), augment
Decrease, lower, reduce (vt.), lessen, diminish, fall
系列词——“成分”
component—物理、化学成分
constituent—化学成分（选举者、委托人）
ingredient—物理成分(因素)
element—普通意义（元素、要素）
composition—化学成分（作文）
Frequently used organs:
heart, lung, stomach, liver, kidney（肾）, colon(结肠), breast, esophagus （食道）, oral cavity（口腔）, bladder（膀胱）, uterus（子宫）, ovary（卵巢）, pancreas（胰腺）, seminal vesicle（精囊）
“有效”系列词
Effect,effectiveness effective
Efficiency efficient
Efficacy efficatious
Potency potent
Strength strong
Power powerful

Serum—血清
plasma—血浆
blood/level and concentration
“新生儿到老人” 系列词
New-born（新生儿）, infant（婴儿）, baby（婴孩）, young child（小孩子）, teenager（十几岁）, lad（少年）, youth（青年）, middle-aged（中年）, aged（老年）
“有关系、有联系”系列词
To be related to
have relationship with/between
correlated with
correlation
associated with
association
connected with
connection
linked to
“认可，同意”系列词
Compatible with
Agree with(on), to be in agreement with
Coincide with
Comply with
Conform to
Correspond with
Consistent with
“不管、尽管”同义词
Irrespective of
Regardless of
Despite
In spite of
Not withstanding
New words and expressions
To be composed of, consist of, comprise, to be made up of, incorporate, enclose, encompass, include, contain, involve in/over
同义词——获得
Obtain, get, acquire, gain, win, earn, derive, capture, achieve, reach, attain
系列词——数字词缀
Mono, di(bi), tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa, nona, deca
同义词——治疗
Treat, handle, cure, doctor, relieve, improve, ameliorate, heal
New words and expressions
副作用
Adverse effect/reaction
Side effect
Toxic effect
Allergy effect
同义词——要求
Beg
Ask
Request
Require
Demand
Order
同义词——选择
Choose,
select,
opt,
pick out,
screen,
elect,
vote
“使用”系列词:
abuse
over-dose
under-use
misuse
同义词——至今
So far
Up to the present time
Up to now
That far
As yet
Until now
比较词——剂量
Dosage抽象
Dose具体
New words and expressions
概念
Notion
Conception
Idea
Concept
同义词——建议
Suggestion
Opinion
Advice
Comment
Complaint
同义词——目标
Aim
Objective
Purpose
Goal
Distinction
Target
同义词——运用
Use, apply, adopt, utilize, exploit, introduce, employ, seize upon, come into use, make use of, take advantage of.
显示\表明
Experiment, test, clinical trial+
indicates, shows, suggests, illustrate, demonstrate, implies, display, exhibit, signify, point out, state, prone, give an evidence of
同义词——基于,依赖
Rest on, depend on, rely on, to be based on, back on, lean on, reckon on, calculate on, build on, count on, provide basis on
同义词——熟悉

familiar
To be
acquainted with
To become conversant
To have(possess) familarity(acquaintance) with
同义词——类别
Class, kind, sort, group, grade, rank, category, variety, species, types
同义词——缺点
Defect, error, mistake, shortcoming, fault, blunder(careless mistake)
同义词——明显的
Obvious, marked, remarkable, clearly, clear, noticeable, prominent, conspicuous, easily seen
评价
Evaluate, evaluation
Assess, asessment
Comment, make comment
Estimate, judge
Give one’s opinion
Chemical, physical, biological, pharmaceutical, medical, pharmacological,
toxicological, haematological,
immunological, clinical,
biochemical, therapeutical,
chemotherapeutical
检查/监管
Supervise, supervision, supervisor
Monitor, monitoring, monitor
Survillance
Control
Check
Examine
实施/完成
Conduct, perform, carry out, have,
vt. Do, undertake, accomplish, exercise
Vi. Progress, proceed, go on
“改善” 到“突破” 系列词
Development, advance, progress
Success, achievement, attainment
Accomplishment, victory, breakthrough
“把重点放在”系列词组
Lay emphasis on, put stress on
Lay focus on, place weight on
Put concentration on, set stress on
Place emphasis on, put focus on
New words and expressions
GMP: good manufacture practice
GLP: good laboratory practice
GCP: good clinical practice
GAP: good agricultural practice
GSP: good supply practice
GPP: good pharmacy practice
NCE: novel chemical entities
SFDA: state food and drug administration
NDA: new drug application
IND: investigation of new drug
PK: pharmacokinetics
PD: pharmacodynamics