天津商业大学制冷与低温专业英语复习资料.doc

词汇题（30题，英译中或中译英）
焓 enthalpy
熵 entropy
相 phase
制冷 refrigeration
循环 cycle
湿度 humidity
比容 specific volume
状态 state
动能 kinetic energy
热能 thermal energy
过程 process
状态 state
湍流 turbulance
干度 quality
压力 process
密度 density
势头 momentum
压缩 compression
对流 convention
辐射 radiation
传热 heat transfer
导热 conduction
测量 instrumentation
排风 ventilation
冷负荷 coolingload
热负荷 heatingload
剪切力 shear stress
热力学 thermodynamics
热舒适 thermal comfort
代谢率 metabdic rate
焓湿学 psychrometics of energy
显热负荷 sensible heat load
潜热负荷 latent heat load
可逆循环 reversible cycle
卡诺循环 carnot cycle
饱和蒸汽 saturated vapor
饱和液体 saturated liquid
状态方程 equation of state
动力粘度 dynamic viscosity
运动粘度 kinematic viscosity
牛顿流体 Newtonian fluid
制冷系数 refrigeration efficiency
强度参数 intensive property
强迫对流 forced convection
自由对流 free comfort
自然对流 natural comfort
导热系数 thermal conductivity
热电偶测量 thermocouple thermometry
低温生物学 cryobiology
活塞式压缩机 reciprocating compressor
离心式压缩机 centrifugal compress
吸热式冷水机 absorption chiller
室内空气品质 indoor air quality
理想流体模型 ideal fluid model
能量守恒定律 the law of conservation
热力学第一定律
The first law of thermodynamics
性能参数COP
coefficient of performance
清洁发展机制CDM
Clean Development Mechanism
温室效应气体 GHG
Green House Gases
臭氧消耗潜值ODP
Ozone Depression Potentials
温室效应潜值GWP
Global Warming Potentials

短句（英译中或中译英）
1 Thermodynamics is one of the most important areas of engineering science.

2 When a temperature gradient exists in a body, experience has shown that there is an energy transfer from the high-temperature region to the low-temperature region.

3 Other refrigeration methods are thermoelectric, steam jet, and air cycle refrigeration.

4 The purpose of ventilation is to maintain in the building a prescribed condition and cleanliness of the air.

5 One of the goals of the environmental engineer an architect is to ensure comfortable conditions in a building.

6 The problem of thermal pollution has impinged upon our consciousness because of the tremendous growth in the use of electric energy.

短文题（英译中或中译英）
1 The first law of thermodynamics states that the total amount of energy in the world is constant.
It may change from one ‘state’ to another, but the energy is never lost. This is followed immediately by a second law that states that energy continually decreases in its ability to perform useful work. This process is irreversible unless the work is done on a gas.

2 No heat engines have a thermal efficiency of 100%. That is, no heat engines absorb heat and convert it completely into work. There is nothing in the first law of thermodynamics that denies this possibility. The first law requires only that the energy output of an engine, in the form of mechanical work, shall equal the difference between the energies absorbed and rejected in the form of heat. An engine which rejected no heat and which converted all the heat absorbed to mechanical work would therefore be perfectly, consistent with the first law.

3 This stratification of the concentration is maintained by a supply of fresh air near the floor, and by extracting the vitiated air from high level. If the fresh air were supplied near the ceiling, in descending it would disturb the stratification and mix with the vitiated air, and with the same air change the concentration of CO in the work area would be 0.03g/m3.

4 蒸汽压缩制冷循环
The equipment diagram for the vapor compression cycle is illustrated in Fig.4.11.1. Minimum components of this cycle include compressor, condenser, expansion value and evaporator.
Condenser冷凝器
The refrigerant leaves the evaporator at point 1 as a low pressure, low temperature, saturated vapor and enters the compressor, where it is compressed reversibly and adiabatically. At point2, it leaves the compressor as a high temperature, high pressure, superheated vapor and enters the condenser , where it is first desuperheated and then condensed at constant pressure. At point 3, thr refrigerant leaves the condenser as a high pressure, medium temperature, saturated liquid and enters the expansion valve2
3
where it expands irreversibly and adiabatically. At point 4, it leaves the expansion valve as a low pressure, low temperature, low quality vapor and enters the evaporator, where it is evaporated reversibly at constant pressure to the saturated state at point 1.

Expansion valve膨胀阀
Compressor压缩机
Motor

W
High pressure side

Low pressure side

4
1
Evaporator 蒸发器

Q0

(Refrigeration Load)

5. After the value in Fig4.2.1 has been opened, the possible number of microscopic, states equals
(VT/VA)n where VT is the total volume and VA is the volume of cylinder A. The probability of finding all the molecules in cylinder A is the one chance out of (VT/VA)n or the probability of this occurrence equals (VT/VA)n. The probability of finding all the molecules in the total volume is unity. The radio of the probability of the final state to that of the initial state is
A
B

Fig.4.2.1