专八改错真题及答案.doc

2000 年-2015年专八短文改错试卷
2015年3月21日专业八级考试改错
When I was in my early teens, I was taken to a spectacular show
on ice by the mother of a friend. Looked round a the luxury of the 1.______
rink, my friend’s mother remarked on the “plush” seats we had been
given. I did not know what she meant, and being proud of my 2. ______
vocabulary, I tried to infer its meaning from the context. “Plush”
was clearly intended as a complimentary, a positive evaluation。 that 3.______
much I could tell it from the tone of voice and the context. So I 4.______
started to use the word. Yes, I replied, they certainly are plush, and
so are the ice rink and the costumes of the skaters, aren’t they? My
friend’s mother was very polite to correct me, but I could tell from her 5.______
expression that I had not got the word quite right.
Often we can indeed infer from the context what a word roughly
means, and that is in fact the way which we usually acquire both 6.______
new words and new meanings for familiar words, specially in our 7.______
own first language. But sometimes we need to ask, as I should have
asked for Plush, and this is particularly true in the 8.______
aspect of a foreign language. If you are continually surrounded by 9.______
speakers of the language you are learning, you can ask them directly,
but often this opportunity does not exist for the learner of English.
So dictionaries have been developed to mend the gap. 10.______

2014改错
There is widespread consensus among scholars that second language acquisition (SLA) emerged as a distinct field of research from the late 1950s to early 1960s.
　　There is a high level of agreement that the following questions (1) ______
　　have possessed the most attention of researchers in this area: (2) ______
　　l Is it possible to acquire an additional language in the
　　same sense one acquires a first language? (3) ______
　　l What is the explanation for the fact adults have (4) ______
　　more difficulty in acquiring additional languages than children have?
　　l What motivates people to acquire additional language?
　　l What is the role of the language teaching in the (5) ______
　　acquisition of additional languages?
　　l What social-cultural factors, if any, are relevant in studying the
　　learning of additional languages?
　　From a check of the literature of the field it is clear that all (6) ______
　　the approaches adopted to study the phenomena of SLA so far have
　　one thing in common: The perspective adopted to view the acquiring
　　of an additional language is that of an individual attempts to do (7) ______
　　so. Whether one labels it “learning” or “acquiring” an additional
　　language, it is an individual accomplishment or what is under (8) ______
　　focus is the cognitive, psychological, and institutional status of an
　　individual. That is, the spotlight is on what mental capabilities are
　　involving, what psychological factors play a role in the learning (9) ______
　　or acquisition, and whether the target language is learnt in the
　　classroom or acquired through social touch with native speakers. (10) ______

2013 专八短文改错试卷．
Psycho-linguistics is the name given to the study of the psychological processes
involved in language. Psycholinguistics study understanding,
production and remembering language, and hence are concerned with (1) _____
listening, reading, speaking, writing, and memory for language.
One reason why we take the language for granted is that it usually (2) ______
happens so effortlessly, and most of time, so accurately. (3) ______
Indeed, when you listen to someone to speaking, or looking at this page, (4) ______
you normally cannot help but understand it. It is only in exceptional
circumstances we might become aware of the complexity (5) ______
involved: if we are searching for a word but cannot remember it。
if a relative or colleague has had a stroke which has influenced (6) ______
their language。 if we observe a child acquire language。 if (7) ______
we try to learn a second language ourselves as an adult。 or
if we are visually impaired or hearing-impaired or if we meet
anyone else who is. As we shall see, all these examples (8) ______
of what might be called “language in exceptional circumstances”
reveal a great deal about the processes evolved in speaking, (9) ______
listening, writing and reading. But given that language processes
were normally so automatic, we also need to carry out careful (10) ______
experiments to get at what is happening.

2012年
The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freely. The argument has been going since at least the first (1) ______
century B.C. Up to the beginning of the 19th century, many writers
favoured certain kind of “free” translation: the spirit, not the letter。 the (2) _______
sense not the word。 the message rather the form。 the matter not (3) _______
the manner. This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who (4) _______
wanted the truth to be read and understood. Then in the turn of 19th (5) _______
century, when the study of cultural anthropology suggested that
the linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language (6) _______
was entirely the product of culture, the view translation was impossible (7) _______
gained some currency, and with it that, if was attempted at all, it must be as (8) _______
literal as possible. This view culminated the statement of the (9) _______
extreme “literalists” Walter Benjamin and Vladimir Nobokov.
The argument was theoretical: the purpose of the translation, the
nature of the readership, the type of the text, was not discussed. Too
often, writer, translator and reader were implicitly identified with
each other. Now, the context has changed, and the basic problem remains. (10) _____

2011年专八真题改错部分
　From a very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, I knew
 that when I grew I should be a writer. Between the ages of about         1__________
seventeen and twenty-four I tried to abandon this idea, but I did so
 with the conscience that I was outraging my true nature and that         2___________
soon or later I should have to settle down and write books.                 3___________
 I was the child of three, but there was a gap of five years       4__________
on either side, and I barely saw my father before I was eight. For
this and other reasons I was somewhat lonely, and I soon developed
disagreeing mannerisms which made me unpopular throughout my    5_____________
schooldays. I had the lonely child's habit of making up stories and
 holding conversations with imaginative persons, and I think from    6_________
 the very start my literal ambitions were mixed up with the feeling of  7________
being isolated and undervalued. I knew that I had a facility with words
and a power of facing in unpleasant facts, and I felt that this created   8________
a sort of private world which I could get my own back for my failure   9________
 in everyday life. Therefore, the volume of serious — i.e. seriously    10________
intended — writing which I produced all through my childhood and
boyhood would not amount to half a dozen pages. I wrote my first
 poem at the age of four or five, my mother taking it down to dictation.

2010年专八真题改错部分
So far as we can tell, all human languages are equally
complete and perfect as instruments of communication: that is,
every language appears to be well equipped as any other to say          1________________
the things their speakers want to say.                                                    2________________
There may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive                3________________
 peoples or cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not all
groups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics or
psychology or the cultivation of rice . Whereas this is not the             4_____________
 fault of their language. The Eskimos , it is said, can speak about
 snow with further more precision and subtlety than we can in            5______________
 English, but this is not because the Eskimo language (one of those
sometimes miscalled 'primitive') is inherently more precise and
subtle than English. This example does not come to light a defect       6______________
in English, a show of unexpected 'primitiveness'. The position is
 simply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in similar  7____________
environments. The English language will be just as rich in terms         8____________
for different kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments in which
 Englishwas habitually used made such distinction as important.           9_____________
  Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language
could be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture
or cricket if these topics formed the part of the Eskimos' life.             10____________

2009
The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passes
from one school child to the next and illustrates the further difference           (1)___________
between school lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a verse,          
learnt in early childhood, is not usually passed on again when the               (2)___________
 little listener  has grown up, and has children of their own, or even         (3)____________
grandchildren.  The period between learning a nursery rhyme and
 transmitting it may be something from twenty to seventy years. With       (4)_____________
the playground lore, therefore, a rhyme may be excitedly passed            (5)___________
 on within the very hour it is learnt。 and in the general, it passes             (6)_____________
 between children of the same age, or nearly so, since it is uncommon
for the difference in age between playmates to be more than five
years. If ,therefore, a playground rhyme can be shown to have been
 currently for a hundred years, or even just for fifty, it follows that it         (7)__________
has been retransmitted over and over。 very possibly it has passed          (8)___________
along a chain of two or three hundred young hearers and tellers, and
 the wonder is that it remains live after so much handling,                        (9)____________
to let alone that it bears resemblance to the                                            (10)____________

2008年专八真题  短文改错 
The desire to use language as a sign of national identity is a
very natural one, and in result language has played a prominent         ____1____
part in national moves. Men have often felt the need to cultivate         ____2____
a given language to show that they are distinctive from another          ____3____
race whose hegemony they resent. At the time the United States        ____4____
split off from Britain, for example, there were proposals that
independence should be linguistically accepted by the use of a           ____5____
different language from those of Britain. There was even one           ____6____
proposal that Americans should adopt Hebrew. Others favoured
the adoption of Greek, though, as one man put it, things would
certainly be simpler for Americans if they stuck on to English         ____7____
and made the British learn Greek. At the end, as everyone             ____8____
knows, the two countries adopted the practical and satisfactory
solution of carrying with the same language as before.                   ____9____
Since nearly two hundred years now, they have shown the world     ____10____
that political independence and national identity can be complete
without sacrificing the enormous mutual advantages of a common
language.

customer.

2015
1.looked改成looking 
2.she后面加had 
3.去掉第二个a 
4.去掉it 
5.polite改成politely 
6.which改成that 
7.specially改成especially
 8.this改成it 
9.continually改成often 
10.mend改成narrow
2014
1. 把of去掉。
2. 把possessed 改成 attracted，
3. 把a改成 the
4. 在 facts 和adults之间加个that，
5. 把第二个the 去掉。
6. 把第二个of 改成in
7. 把attempts改成attempt
8. 把or 改成 and
9. what改成 how
10. 把touche改成touches
2013
1. production改成producing 
2. 去掉the 
3. 去掉accurately前面的so 
4. looking改为look 
5. we前面加that 
6. 去掉colleague后面的has 
7. their改成his 
8. anyone改成 pure老师someone 
9. evolved改成involved
10. were改成are 
2012
参考答案：
1．going∧ since－加入on
题解：go on的意思是“继续”，符合句子表达的含义“争论一直在继续”。
2．certain－改为a certain
题解：此处要表达的意思是“很多作家喜欢一种自由的翻译方法”，第一次出现这种方法应该加上不定冠词。
3． rather－改为not
题解：根据原句的句子结构，rather应改为not。
4．is －改为was
题解：此句应该为过去时。
5． in －改为 at
题解：at the turn of 19th century“十九世纪之初”，是固定搭配。
6． the －删去第二个the
题解：这里并没有特指某种语言，所以不用定冠词。
7． view∧translation－加入that
题解：在view和translation之间加上that，可将“translation was impossible”看成view的同位语。
8． was－删去was
题解：条件状语从句常可以省略主语和系动词。
9． culminated∧the－加入in
题解：culminate in是“以......告终”的意思，符合上下文含义。
10． and －改为but
题解：原句意思“现在背景变化了，但是基本问题依然存在”，两句话之间应该是转折关系
2011
1，  在grow后加up, 考固定短语
2，  改consience为consciousness   考词语区别，consience翻译为“良心，道德心”, consiousness翻译为“意识”
3，  改soon为sooner，sooner or later是固定短语
4，  在child前加middle,  考上下文理解。 作者是三个孩子句中的那位
5，  改disagreeing 为disagreeable ，disagreeing只能作动名词， 不能作形容词。disagreeable mannernisms 令人讨厌的习惯
6，  改imaginative为imaginary, 考词语区别   imaginative翻译为“有想象力的”，imaginary翻译为“想象的，虚构的”
7，  改literal 为literary , 考词义区别， literal翻译为“字面的”，literary 翻译为“文学方面的”
8，  去掉face后的in，face接宾语时是及物动词。考动词的基本用法
9，  在world后加in或者改which为where, 考定语从句
10，   改Therefore为However或者Nevertheness, 考语境。
感悟：11专八改错相对前几年专八改错要简单一点。本人认为词义区别考得过多了。
2010 
2010年专八真题改错参考答案以及分词
1 be后插入 as。    as…as引导的比较级
2 their改为its。     its代替every language
3 There改为It。     It此处作为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式
4 Whereas改为But ； 语境需要表示转折的连词，whereas表示对比
5 further 改为much    further不能修饰比较级
6 come改为bring。      (sth)come to light , bring sth to light
  bring to light the defect of English =bring the defect of english to light 揭示英语的缺陷
7 similar改为different。    根据语境应该用different
8 will改为would。         虚拟语气
9 as important去掉as。     
10 the part去掉the或者改the为a       be/become/form (a) part of 是固定短语
2009
答案分析：
(1) the further difference改为a further difference（此次应该用不定冠词表示泛指）
(2) 改when 为until,    结构not...until翻译为“直到……才”
(3)their改为his（代词与前文a little listener在单复数上保持一致）
(4)something 改为anything 此处指二十到七十的任何时段
(5)therefore改为however （根据上下文逻辑关系）
(6) in the general去掉the （习惯用法in general 表示总的来说，一般不用冠词）
(7) currently 改为current （这里起的是表语的作用，需要形容词而不是副词）
(8) it has passed改为 it has been passed （与分号前的被动保持一致）
(9) live 改为 alive    alive翻译为“鲜活的”，一般作补语；live翻译为“现场转播的；活的”，一般作定语
(10) to let alone改为 let alone (let alone 为习惯搭配，意思是“更不用说
2008
1. in result 改