武汉大学研究生英语Unit1考试难句翻译.doc

1． One answer to the question of why misunderstanding or rejection happens might be that many of us naively assume there are sufficient similarities among peoples of the world to enable us to successfully exchange information or feelings, solve problems or mutual concerns, cement business relationships, or just make the kind of impression we wish to make. (Para2)

这个问题的一个答案就是，大部分人天真地认为世界上的人有足够的相似之处，可以让我们成功地交流信息或者感受，解决共同关注的问题，加强商业关系，或者只是产生我们所希望产生的印象。

2. Promising are the cross-cultural studies seeking to support Darwin’s theory that facial expressions are universal and researchers found that the particular visible pattern on the face, the combination of muscles contracted for anger, fear, surprise, sadness, disgust, happiness is the same for all members of our species, but this seems helpful until it is realized that a person’s cultural upbringing determines whether or not that emotion will be displayed or suppressed, as well as on which occasions and to what degree. (Para3)
力求证明达尔文关于面部表情是共同的这一理论的跨文化研究给人极大的希望，研究者发现脸部的某些看得见的形状，即因愤怒、恐惧、惊讶、悲伤、厌恶、幸福而产生的系列肌肉收缩，我们人类各成员都是一样的。但只要我们意识到一个人生长的文化决定了这种情感是否会表露或压抑，决定了在何种场合和多大程度上会表露或压抑，以上研究似乎都无济于事。

3. Without being alert to possible differences and the need to learn new rules for functioning, persons going from one city to the other will be in immediate trouble, even when acting simple roles such as pedestrian and driver. (Para5)
从一个城市到另一个城市，如果没有意识到可能存在的差异，没有学习那些生活的新规则，人们在走路和开车这种小事情上都会立刻陷入困境。

4．The native inhabitants are likely to be lulled into the expectation that, since the foreign person is dressed appropriately and speak some of the language, he or she will also have similar nonverbal codes, thoughts and feelings. (Para7)
既然外国人穿着得体，并且能讲当地的语言，当地居民就会希望外国人会有相似的行为、思想和感情。

5. The fourth stumbling block is the presence of preconceptions and stereotypes. If the label “inscrutable” has preceded the Japanese guest, it is thus we explain the Japanese constant and inappropriate smile. The stereotype that Arabs are “inflammable” may cause the US students to keep their distance or even alert authorities when an animated and noisy group from the Middle East gathers. (Para11)
第四大障碍是偏见和模式化。如果用“神秘”一词来形容日本客人，这就可以解释日本人自始至终的不合时宜的微笑。阿拉伯人是易怒的定式思维可能会让美国学生保持和他们的距离。当一群从中东莱的活跃的、吵闹的阿拉伯人聚集在一起时，官方也会引起警惕。

6. Moderate arousal and positive attitudes prepare one to meet challenges with energy, but high arousal, caused by a buildup of continued moderate stress, depletes the body’s energy reserve quickly and defence must be used whether or not the person wills it. (Para17)
适度的紧张和积极的态度为一个人面对挑战做好了能量上的准备。但是，一定的持续的压力的累积会引起高度的紧张，而高度的紧张使得人体内储存的能量迅速耗竭，从而需要调动防御系统，不管个人是否有意为之。

7. The communicator cannot stop at knowing that the people he is working with have different customs, goals, and thought patterns from his own. He must be able to feel his way into intimate contact with these alien values, attitudes, and feelings. He must be able to work with them and within them, neither losing his own values in the confrontation nor protecting himself behind a wall of intellectual detachment. (Para18)
交流者不止于了解和他一起工作的人的不同于自己的不同的习俗、目标和思想模式。他还要逐渐熟悉这些不同的价值观、态度和情感。他必须和他们一起工作，和他们打成一片，既不在文化对持中失去自己的价值，也不能自我封闭，采取一种淡然的态度来保护自我。