商务英语综合教程(第二版)(下册)全套电子整本书电子教案教学教程整套课件.ppt

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1,Statement at the Opening Plenary Session of the United Nations Summit on Climate Change,Introduction,Climate change is an issue arising in the course of human development.It is associated with both natural factors and human activities.It is an environmental issue,but also,and more importantly,a development issue,as it is closely connected with the development stage,way of life,size of population and resource endowment of different countries and their places in the international division of labor.In the final analysis,we should and can only advance efforts to address climate change in the course of development and meet the challenge through common development.,New Words,catalyze vt.催化；刺激，促进,differentiate vi.区分，区别,vt.区分，区别,endowment,n.捐赠；捐助；捐款；天资,imperative adj.必要的，势在必行的；命令的；紧急的,emission,n.（光、热等的）发射，散发；喷,射；,发行,landlocked,adj.为陆地所包围的,unremitting adj.不懈的；不间断的；坚忍的,provision n.供应品；准备；条款；规定,vt.供给食物及必需品,protocol n.协议；草案,target n.目标；靶子,vt.把作为目标；规定的指标；,瞄准某,物,New Words,greenhouse gas n.二氧化碳、甲烷等导致温室,效应的气体,immune,adj.免疫的；免于的，免除的,counter,v.反对；反击,adequate,adj.适当的；胜任的；充足的,humanity,n.人类；人道；仁慈；人文学科,Notes,1.per capita按人头，每人,Per capita is a term adapted from the Latin phrase pro capita meaning per(each)head with pro meaning per or for each,and capita(caput ablative)meaning head.Both words together equate to the phrase for each head,i.e.per individual or per person.The term is used in a wide variety of social sciences and statistical research contexts,including government statistics,economic indicators,and built environment studies.,It is commonly and usually used in the field of statistics in place of saying for each person or per person.,It is also used in wills to indicate that each of the named beneficiaries should receive,by devise or bequest,equal shares of the estate.This is in contrast to a per stirpes division,in which each branch of the inheriting family inherits an equal share of the estate,Notes,2.greenhouse gas emissions温室气体排放,It refers to recent year-to-year increase of atmospheric CO2.,The two primary sources of CO2 emissions are from burning coal used for electricity generation and petroleum used for motor transport.,Measurements from Antarctic ice cores show that before industrial emissions started atmospheric CO2 mole fractions were about 280 parts per million(ppm),and stayed between 260 and 280 during the preceding ten thousand years.Carbon dioxide mole fractions in the atmosphere have gone up by approximately 35 percent since the 1900s,rising from 280 parts per million by volume to 387 parts per million in 2009.One study using evidence from stomata of fossilized leaves suggests greater variability,with carbon dioxide mole fractions above 300 ppm during the period seven to ten thousand years ago,though others have argued that these findings more likely reflect calibration or contamination problems rather than actual CO2 variability.Because of the way air is trapped in ice(pores in the ice close off slowly to form bubbles deep within the firm)and the time period represented in each ice sample analyzed,these figures represent averages of atmospheric concentrations of up to a few centuries rather than annual or decadal levels.,Notes,Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution,the concentrations of most of the greenhouse gases have increased.For example,the mole fraction of carbon dioxide has increased by about 36%to 380 ppm,or 100 ppm over modern pre-industrial levels.The first 50 ppm increase took place in about 200 years,from the start of the Industrial Revolution to around 1973;however the next 50 ppm increase took place in about 33 years,from 1973 to 2006.,Recent data also shows that the concentration is increasing at a higher rate.In the 1960s,the average annual increase was only 37%of what it was in 2000 through 2007.,Exercises,Comprehension of the Text,I.Answer the following questions according to the text.,1.Can you generally define climate change?And what is it directly or indirectly attributed to?,2.What is international division of labour?And with the occurrence of the international division of labour,is the process of production still confined to national economies?,3,.What is the top priority for developing countries now?,4.What do you think both developed countries and developing countries should do in countering climate change?,5.How much do you know about“The Kyoto Protocol”?,Exercises,Language Skills,II.Word Study,I.Match words from the two columns below to form compound adjectives.e.g.fast growing,A,B,1.time-,a.boiled,2.world-b.national,3.multi-c.term,4.far-,d.sleeved,5.short-,e.consuming,6.high-,f.fetching,7.long-,g.minded,8.self-,h.heeled,9.hard-,i.class,10.narrow-j.employed,Exercises,2.Fill in the blanks in the passage with the words or expressions given below.,increasing opt pay available shift,1.The higher requirements of product and service are making it _ important to set up operations in the outlet markets.,2.When a foreign company was taken over,much more attention was therefore _ to compatibility with existing corporate activities.,3.The _ of an adequate pool of well-trained staff and an effective communication and computer infrastructure has become more important.,4.Companies lacking the resources to take over a foreign company but willing to cooperate with them are _ opting for strategic alliances.,5.Apart from these investments in production resources and/or companies,companies that lack the financial or do not wish to accept the associated risks are increasingly _ to introduce other resources.,6.A _ is made in return.,7.Low wages for untrained labor and the _ of raw materials have become ever less important as a result of the development of technologies.,8.The _ in the countries and sectors in which foreign direct investments are made are connected with the changes in the motives behind foreign direct investments.,9.In short,the motives for foreign direct investment have _ from making use of cheap local labor and local raw materials,to keeping abreast of the technology race and new trends in production and marketing.,Exercises,Exercises,3.Choose the right answers to fill in the blanks.,The causes of foreign investment are quite different for subsidiaries supplying raw materials needed by their parents.The explanation of these investments at first seems obvious:How can a rubber company produce tires without,_,1,_,rubber?The more interesting question,_,2,_,is why the raw material source is developed by a subsidiary of the company that will process it rather than by independent firms in the country where the raw material is found.The gain from this,_,3,_,direct investment seems to be the,_,4,_,of risk.Few companies in the world refine and fabricate copper.Important deposits of copper ore occur,_,5,_,only a few locations.If independent firms produced and refined the ore,_,6,_,would be forced to commit funds,_,7,_,the construction of large fixed facilities without any guarantee regarding the bargain they could strike with the other party.What could the ore producer do if its smelter customer,_,8,_,threatened to drop its business?What could the smelter do without an ore supply?“Vertical integration”in any industry reduces uncertainty.,_,9,_,the firms extracting raw materials must be located where the resources are,and the firms processing and selling them where the markets are,foreign investment must be,_,10,_,.,Exercises,1.A.crude,B.raw,C.finished,D.synthetic,2.A.therefore,B.though C.hence,D.furthermore,3.A.vertical,B.horizontal C.unexpected D.redundant,4.A.replacement B.reduction C.recurrence D.reproduction,5.A.in,B.on,C.within,D.from,6.A.none,B.two,C.both,D.one,7.A.in,B.on,C.to,D.for,8.A.ridiculously,B.friendly,C.recently,D.convincingly,9.A.But,B.Therefore C.In case of,D.Because,10.A.enhanced,B.produced C.distrusted,D.involved,Exercises,III.Grammar Passive Voice,1.Translate the following sentences into English.,1.,我打开门的时候，发现他躺在地板上。,2.,写得清楚些，让老师能清楚地理解你的意思。,3.,只要他努力做，我不在乎他什么时候能够做完这项工作。,4.,尽管他很年轻，但他愿意为他所做的一切承担责任。,5.,向她父母多年前那样，他也选择去那个学校当老师。,2.Translate the following sentences into Chinese.,1.He speaks English,but not as well as his sister does.,2.The demonstration will go on as it was planned.,3.Hard as he tried,he was unable to make much progress.,4.We should be able to do the job quickly,provided that you give us all the necessary information.,5.Suddenly it began to rain heavily,so that it was almost impossible to carry on driving.,Exercises,Business Knowledge Extensions,.Translate the following sentences into English.,1.气候变化是人类发展进程中出现的问题，既受自然因素影响，也受人类活动影响，既是环境问题，更是发展问题。,2.应对气候变化，涉及全球共同利益，更关乎广大发展中国家发展利益和人民福祉。,3.发展中国家的首要任务仍是发展经济、消除贫困、改善民生。,4.发展中国家应该根据本国国情，在发达国家资金和技术转让支持下，努力适应气候变化，尽可能减缓温室气体排放。,5.发达国家应该担起责任，向发展中国家提供新的额外的充足的可预期的资金支持。,Exercises,V.Translate the following sentences in the text into Chinese.,1.To address climate change and achieve sustainable development is an urgent and long-term task for all of us.It bears on the living environment of mankind and the development prospects of all countries,and calls for the unremitting efforts of the whole world.,2.The principle of common but differentiated responsibilities embodies the consensus of the international community.Adherence to this principle is critical to keeping international cooperation on climate change on the right track.Both developed and developing countries should take active steps to tackle climate change.,3.Climate change respects no national borders,and no country is immune from it.To counter this challenge requires the whole-hearted cooperation and coordinated actions of the international community.Developed countries should support developing countries in tackling climate change.This is not only their responsibility,but also serves their long-term interest.,Exercises,4.Developing countries need to strike a balance between economic growth,social development and environmental protection,strengthen capacity for sustainable development and avoid the old path of polluting first and cleaning up later.They should not,however,be asked to take on obligations that go beyond their development stage,responsibility and capabilities.,5.We should foster the idea that helping others is helping oneself and make our endeavor on climate change a win-win for both developed and developing countries and a win-win for both the interests of individual countries and the common interests of humanity.,Exercises,VI.Write a summary of the text in about 120 words.,VII.Write a one-paragraph composition entitled“To address climate change and achieve sustainable development is an urgent and long-term task for all of us”.Complete the paragraph with five to seven sentences,using the words phrases given below.,respective responsibilities,international cooperation,emission reduction,common interests of humanity,common development,environment-friendly technologies,VIII.,Discuss with your partner,sustainable growth.,Related Technical Terms,1.new international division of labour 新国际劳动分工,In economics,the New International Division of Labour(NIDL)is an outcome of globalization.It is the spatial division of labour which occurs when the process of production is no longer confined to national economies.This has led to a trend of transference,or what is also known as the global industrial shift,in which production processes are relocated from developed countries(the USA,Europe and Japan)to developing countries in Asia(for example China,Vietnam and India)and Latin America.This is because companies search for the cheapest locations to manufacture and assemble components,so low-cost labour-intensive parts of the manufacturing process are shifted to the developing world where costs are substantially lower.Companies do so by taking advantage of transportation and communications technology,as well as fragmentation and locational flexibility of production.From 1953 to the late 1990s,the industrialized economies share of world manufacturing output declined from 95%to 77%,and the developing economies share more than quadrupled from 5%to 23%.,Key to the Exercises,.,1.,1.e 2.i 3.b 4.f 5.c 6.h 7.d 8.j 9.a 10.g,2.,1.increasingly 2.paid 3.availability 4.increasingly,5.opt 6.payment 7.availability 8.shifts 9.shifted,3.,1.A 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.C 8.D 9.D 10.D,Back,Key to the Exercises,III.,1.,1.,I found him lying on the floor when I opened the door.,2.,Write clearly so that the teacher can understand you better.,3.,I dont care when he will finish the work as long as he is trying his best.,4.,Young as he is,he is willing to shoulder the responsibilities for everything he has done.,5.,He chose to be a teacher in that school as what his parents did many years ago.,Back,Key to the Exercises,2.,1.他讲英语，但不像他姐姐那么好。,2.游行会像计划的那样进行。,3.尽管他很努力，也没能取得任何进步。,4.如果你能提供所有的信息，我们应该能很快地完成工作。,5.突然间下起了大雨，所以不可能再往前开了。,Back,Key to the Exercises,.,1.Climate change is an issue arising in the course of human development.It is associated with both natural factors and human activities.It is an environmental issue,but also,and more importantly,a development issue,2.At stake in the fight against climate change are the common interests of the entire world,and the development interests and peoples well-being of the vast number of developing nations in particular.,3.For developing countries,the top priority now is to grow economy,eradicate poverty and improve livelihood.,4.Developing countries should,in the light of their national conditions and with the financial and technological support of developed countries,work hard to adapt to climate change and do their best to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.,5.Developed countries should take up their responsibility and provide new,additional,adequate and predictable financial support to developing countries.,Back,Key to the Exercises,V.,1.应对气候变化，实现可持续发展，是摆在我们面前一项紧迫而又长期的任务，事关人类生存环境和各国发展前途，需要各国进行不懈努力。,2.共同但有区别的责任原则凝聚了国际社会共识。坚持这一原则，对确保国际社会应对气候变化努力在正确轨道上前行至关重要。发达国家和发展中国家都应该积极采取行动应对气候变化。,3.气候变化没有国界。任何国家都不可能独善其身。应对这一挑战，需要国际社会同舟共济、齐心协力。支持发展中国家应对气候变化，既是发达国家应尽的责任，也符合发达国家